Sunday, July 31, 2011
Saturday, July 30, 2011
Friday, July 29, 2011
Thursday, July 28, 2011
Wednesday, July 27, 2011
Tuesday, July 26, 2011
Monday, July 25, 2011
Dry mixes for building applications
The number of the currently proposed dry mixes in the hundreds, and the amount of advertising information about them, perhaps thousands. However, objective information on quality of dry mixes to find quite difficult. Leaders in quality and prestige are imported blends. And they - the leaders of engineering and technology. True, and among foreign manufacturers, there are significant differences: the Scandinavian and German quality incomparable, such as Turkish or Bulgarian. For imported mixtures should produce professional domestic producers received, usually with the use of imported equipment and technology. However, according to our producers, the mixture "in no way inferior, and by selected characteristics even surpass" the foreign, as used in the production of imported additives, advanced technology, quality control, etc. No doubt the fact that domestic mix more cheap. But - alas, many builders claim that the quality of Russian blends are still unstable, and essentially depends on the party. So, not to be mistaken as a dry mixture, one should go to a good - a large, long running and respected - building shop. That's where products are "natural selection": a solid trade organization, caring about their image, will not offer the products with which consumers have a problem. Whether the indoor parquet, ceramic tile or plank linoleum - in any case they require flat ground. It was such a ground is provided through self-leveling leveling floor. Principle of such floor is clear from the title: thick solution spreads within acceptable limits and hardens, forming a flat surface.
Primers and fillers: the foundation of any repairs
That's really really, primer and putty in the literal and figurative sense - the basis of each complex repair and any finishing work. No matter what have to make - to put tile, wallpaper paste, plaster, or paint the walls. First, we should take care of the careful preparation of surfaces with which you work. After all, inflict on them covering should keep for many years most often finished coat is applied with a roller. It is important to put it evenly in one layer, without omissions First - priming Whatever is the base surface (substrate) - concrete and metal, plaster or wood - all coverage should be firmly attached to it. For this and used a primer, which penetrate deeply into the base and improve its adhesion (adhesion), followed by layer. With a bonding and strengthening effect, the primer often prevent damage to the base surface (for example, when removing the wallpaper). In addition, primer promotes more uniform imposition and removal (absorb) materials such as paint, plaster, wallpaper paste, fillers, etc. The result is obvious: increase the quality of finishing facilities. Leveling compounds applied in flowing movements, preferably one with a thin layer and a single pass. It is best to use for this wide spatula made of stainless steel, of course, can not prime, say, a concrete wall. But in this case, the probability of poor repair significantly increases: then plaster can fall off, wallpaper obvisnut, in addition, under the influence of moisture is not excluded manifestation at the finish layer of various defects (stains, divorces, cracking).
Sunday, July 24, 2011
Saturday, July 23, 2011
Decorative plaster
Scientists claim that the technique of plaster came as four centuries ago. Vte time work was done by stamping or rustication. The first case, the stencil or shape, allowing to create a repeating pattern. In the second on the cement, which began to harden, hand-cut pattern. Both methods required by the master of high qualification. Even then, he dreamed of creating an extremely tech plaster composition, self-infliction of which on the surface would make her beautiful and at the same time protect from the weather, mechanical and other unavoidable evils. Texture and structure in the creation and industrial production of ornamental plaster began to intensively conducted in the 60 years of the twentieth century. The real results on the creation of decorative plasters, ie, compounds that each of us can apply in practice, appeared much later, in 90 years. Today, almost every hardware store, and the more specialized you can find a wide range of decorative plasters. And, choosing the product just right to get lost is not so much on the number of manufacturers of plaster, as the abundance of decorative styles, they offer. Understand the types of products very difficult. The reasons for this - in the terminological confusion that arises because of the lack of uniform standards, and poor training of sales personnel, who, wishing to show their competence, is used in relation to plaster all sorts of clever terms: structural, textural, texture, relief it.p. When using structural plaster surface relief is formed as a result of special operations, while the textured plaster, he formed himself, immediately after application.
How to wall putty
Selection of materials for interior differs significantly from selection for facade work. On the facade, above all, important resistance to weathering. In the interior premises is not as important light resistance and water resistance (except for bathrooms and toilets), but are mechanical strength, good sanding and, most importantly, environmental friendliness, especially when it comes to accommodation. Let's start with the selection of fillings. Now quite widely used oil-based putty adhesive varnish. They are cheap and easy to use. In all other solid disadvantages: environmental insecurity, fragility, poor mechanical strength and poor compatibility with all other materials except for oil-based paints and varnishes. So that the oil-adhesive putty - is an unfortunate choice of material, particularly on the facade. Now appeared on the market a wide range of dry fillers on cement or gypsum. This version is much better than with oil-adhesive putty, but it has its disadvantages. First, these fillers are semi-product, they need to pour in some capacity, very thoroughly, adding water, which is very difficult to do without special equipment. Secondly, the dry filler have a limited shelf life after dilution with water. If you have completed the repair and coating remains, it is money thrown away. These arguments are not so significant at first glance, are seriously undermining the market for dry mixes in developed countries. All these drawbacks are not inherent prepared materials based on aqueous dispersions.
Sand
Sand - a sedimentary rock and artificial material, which consists of particles of rock. Most often, the sand consists of nearly pure silica - the second name - silicon dioxide. Natural Sand Natural Sand - a loose mixture consisting of particles the size of 0,14-5 mm, and which resulted from the destruction of solid rock. Depending on the factor abundance of sand they are divided into: - river - sea - mountain - career. Sand extracted from the river quarry used kachestvezapolnitelya heavy, light, fine-grained, cellular and silicate concrete, mortar, dry mixes, for the device base and coating roads and airfields. River sand is usually more expensive than a career as river sand, often imported, and even a pesokprohodit process of separating from the rubble of gravel (pebbles) in the quarries. Well posostavu peskarechnoy sand is clean, does not contain impurities of clay and a career may contain impurities of clay (and in some cases it's good, because the sand is not so quickly settles in solution). In career sand may be stones and clay. Often, to improve the quality of products used prirodnuyupeschano-graviynuyusmes. With a particle size of 0-20 mm. This blend is widely used for concrete production, housing, in road and railway construction, is well suited for production of quality concrete products. Heavy Heavy artificial artificial sand sand - a loose mixture of particles which are obtained by crushing of hard and solid rock. Most often, such sands are acute-angled shape with a rough surface.
Rules plastering to repair flats
The most common mistake of plastering work, indeed, for the saddest result of plastering work: peeling, cracking plaster and change the geometry of space, because of the "thick" layer of plaster. These "rake" the hit of every season of repair and finishing works. We do not aim at such short material to talk about all the problems and defects that arise during plastering. However, we would like to draw your attention to the most common flaws and defects in the plaster. Requirements of building regulations when repairing stucco apartment-For plastering of walls made of bricks at an ambient temperature of 23 ° C and above the surface before applying the solution to moisten. - Enhanced and high quality plaster should be performed on the beacons, whose thickness should be equal to the thickness of the plaster coating without nakryvochnyh layer. - At the device-layer coating of the surface should flatten immediately after application of the solution, in the case of trowels - after his seizure. - If the device multilayer plaster coating each layer must be applied after setting the previous (nakryvochnyh layer - after the seizure of the solution). Leveling of the soil should be performed before setting the solvent. - Sheets of plaster to stick to the surface of the brick walls of the trains as the project being located in the form of marks, the size of 80x80 mm on at least 10% along the ceiling, floor, corners, vertical plane through a 120-150 mm, in the intervals between them at a distance of more than 400 mm along the vertical edges - a solid stripe.
Friday, July 22, 2011
Rubble
Crushed Stone - is a loose, free-flowing material from the small stones of irregular shape, depending on the size of the particles, opredelyaetsyafraktsiya rubble. Particles smaller than 3 mm is used as the sand. The smaller the number the smaller faction of rubble stones are included in it. Large fractions of crushed stone for concrete boleeprochny grasping, and fine fractions of crushed stone, respectively, better than filling a cavity of all kinds. Crushed various factions. obtained by crushing larger pieces of solid rock. Used to prepare the solution of concrete as coarse aggregate. Thanks to the acute-angled shape poverhnostschebnya rough, so the gravel excellent adhesion to a cement-sand mortar in the manufacture of concrete. What is gravel? Crushed granite - rubble, which is obtained by crushing natural granite. When mined granite rubble, he is a solid monolithic rock. It should blow up, and then the resulting explosion blocks in detail in a crushing machine. The final operation is the sifting of rubble at the faction. With decreasing fraction of rubble, increasing its cost. Crushed isolated in three groups zavisimostiot size fragments: - rubble large 50-100 mm - rubble average 25-50 mm - 10-25 mm fine gravel. Crushed gravel - rubble obtained by two methods: the first option involves sifting quarry rock, and the second crushing natural rock cliffs. Such rubble less durable than granite rubble, gravel and crushed stone advantage but there are also advantages - the radioactive background of this rubble is usually very low.
Cementing materials
Appointment of binding materalov - tie into a monolithic whole all the components of the future product or design. There are two types of binders - hardening only in the air - the air and materials on the properties of which after the beginning of setting water can not be adversely affected, and in some cases has even a positive impact - gidavlicheskie. To air is clay, plaster and common lime. By hydraulically - hydraulic lime and cement. Clay Clay - a soft, fine variety of rocks. For dilution with water forms a plastic mass, readily undergo any morphogenesis. When firing the clay sinters, hardens and turns into a kamnevidoe body, and at higher temperatures, roasting is melted and can reach the vitreous state. Depending on the impurities clay takes a different color stains. The most valuable commodity form of clay - white clay - kaolin. Clay has the ability to absorb water up to a certain limit, after which she was not in a position to absorb or pass through itself. This property of clay used to create the bulk of waterproofing layers. Depending on the resistance of clay to produce a temperature lekgoplavkie clay, refractory and refractory. Their melting temperatures, respectively: 1380 to 1550 and above 1550 degrees. Pure kaolin melts at temperatures above 1,750 degrees. Refractory clay used as raw materials for the manufacture of refractory materials. Lime is produced by calcining limestone at high temperatures. Thus obtained lime is called lime-kipelka for being in contact with water is an active carbon footprint.
Cement
Cement - one of the most well-known binding of construction materials and treats, a group of hydraulic binders, which ispolzuyutsyadlya bonding various surfaces (bricks, concrete blocks, etc.). The structure consists of silicate cement and calcium aluminates, which are the result of firing up to the sintering raw mix. Natural cement - a mixture of clay and limestone, which in solidification forms a high strength material. Cement - this is often the bulk material gray odorless. The quality of cement is determined by the content in it of various substances, such as granulated slag, anhydrite sulfuric acid, magnesium oxide. So, in what proportions these substances are found - this will cement brand. Because of the content in the cement of these substances depends on the quality of cement, compressive strength, setting time, the presence or absence of false cement setting also need to know what brand of cement to the limit of the bending strength of samples, cross members 40-40-160 mm in size and compression of the halves of the plastic solution of 1:3 (by weight) at 28 days, and fast curing of Portland cement and slag Portland cement - after 3 and 28 days, for alumina cement - after 3 days. There are such types of cement: - Portland cement - Slag Cement - plasticized cement - pozzolan cement - calcium aluminate cement - Cement Acid Acid cement - produced by co-grinding or mixing of separately milled quartz sand and sodium fluorosilicate . Such a cement mix with an aqueous solution of sodium water glass.
Venetian. Decorative plaster
Decorative plaster has a millennial history, from ancient Rome and ancient Greece. A few centuries since Caesar in 16 century, known in those days, the Italian architect Andrea Polladaio (Andrea Palladio) by trial and error, has revived the technology of applying plaster. It was a revival of his career. To our times at the Venetian villas save room with his finish. Step by Step venetian decorative plaster conquered Venice and Lombardy, whence came the name, but in the late 17 century all over Europe. Venetian plaster is one of the most decorative plasters for interior decorating, after the deposition room is similar to works of art in Renaissance Italy. Now Venetian plaster - a rare combination of organic components, such as marble, granite, quartz or other natural baby, with an acrylic binder. Is a natural in appearance and easy-to-plastering. Technology of applying plaster is light, material improvement - is the result of plaster at the beginning of 21 century. Venetian plaster can be applied by various methods. Tell you about one of the standard methods of applying such a plaster on the wall. One of the main conditions for a qualitative application of the plaster should be, of course, perfectly smooth dry wall. If necessary, cover the walls of a special deep-primer, prepared by a plaster. Well, let's start. Uniformly Apply a plaster on the edge of a spatula with a narrow spatula or knife. Apply the plaster on the spreader on the right side, if you are right handed, and if left-handed then vice versa.
Thursday, July 21, 2011
Gypsum, alabaster
Gypsum - the oldest building material, dazzling white or light gray in powder form. Plaster - a fine powder made from the gypsum rock - by roasting and grinding or milling and обжигаПреимуществамистроительного gypsum is fast and hard, tough fight. Start of setting plaster should occur no earlier than 4 min, the end - no earlier than 6 minutes, but no later than half an hour after the preparation of gypsum test. To chtobyprigotovit gypsum paste to take the 2 parts (by weight) of gypsum, 1 part cold water, and first and foremost by pouring water on a stirring it vigorously, pour plaster of Paris. Prepared gypsum paste to spend immediately. For the retardation of gypsum paste was added 0,5 ... 2% water-soluble animal glue (in the form of adhesive strength of water from 0.5 to 2%), mortar and put in bowl plastic bag. When setting and hardening of gypsum plaster is capable of increasing in volume by 1%, which is of great practical importance in many construction works. The disadvantage of plaster is that plaster has low strength and water resistance, and yet it simply scratch the surface. Issued 12 stamps plaster. For the construction applied gypsum on the brand T-5 to grade G-25, a feature which is that the compression onivyderzhivayut from 5 to 25 kg / cm 2, but can be applied to higher marks. Highest markastroitelnogo gypsum - 250 kg/cm2. Gypsum is sold vmeshkah or loose (in bulk). Keep plaster Must in dry places with floors raised above the ground at least 50cm. From long-term storage gipsotsyrevaet and stops grasping, thus can not continue to be used.
Cementing materials, clay, lime, cement, gypsum
Cementing materials - is iorganicheskie mineral substances used to manufacture concrete istroitelnyh solutions bonding (omonolichivaniya) individual construction elements, waterproofing (a waterproof coating). Kmineralnym binder materials include powdery substance forming the mixing of codes of plastic mass that gradually hardens, forming a solid kamnevidnoe body. Distinguish hydraulic binders - materials which, after mixing the vault ipredvaritelnogo solidification navozduhe retain their firmness iprodolzhayut hardened ("type" endurance) input - a variety of cements, hydraulic lime. Air binders - are substances that can harden isohranyat strength only navozduhe (plaster, common lime, liquid glass). Clay Clay - a soft, fine variety of rocks. For dilution with water forms a plastic mass, readily undergo any morphogenesis. When firing the clay sinters, hardens and turns into a kamnevidoe body, and at higher temperatures, roasting is melted and can reach the vitreous state. Clay is composed of different minerals, so come in different colors. Serves as a binder for the preparation of clay mortar used in masonry kilns, plaster, brick making, clay walls, glinosolomennoy roofing and other works. Clay has the ability to absorb water up to a certain limit, after which she was not in a position to absorb or pass through itself. This property of clay used to create the bulk of waterproofing layers. Depending on the resistance of clay to produce a temperature of clay: - lekgoplavkie - refractory - refractory.
Alignment of the floor using special mixtures
In Russia traditionally headband was made of dry concrete mixtures. But as the concrete mix with sand in any proportion is not very durable material to replace it, rather old-fashioned way of leveling floors came a European fashion for self-leveling floors, manufactured using special self-leveling mixture. Under these compounds for more noise and heat insulation are often put a layer of polystyrene foam. This floor dries much faster than traditional ties (several days). On the self-leveling floors can be installed any finishes: Tile, laminate floor covering, etc. In addition, a layer of filling the floor has a very small thickness, which is especially useful in homes with low ceilings. All Floor Levelling Screed can be divided into two groups: the first - is designed for initial, rough alignment, a core thickness of the screed. The second - for the final, finishing layer, creating a smooth surface. Levelling Screed for initial alignment have a large fraction of components due to what is achieved and the possibility of applying the mixture thick enough layer. (But almost impossible to create a perfectly smooth surface). Levelling Screed is to finish leveling the contrary, has a fine fraction, it can apply only a thin layer, and the surface is perfectly smooth. Laying ties in this section is devoted to the only general recommendations on the production floor screeds. Specific values, mixing ratios, set time setting and drying, read the manufacturer's instructions. So, first list tool, which is required for these works: 1.
Putty for walls
In the process of repair and finish the most important materials are fillers. Putty - a paste-like paint material that is applied to align the surfaces before painting. Fillers are used to align and fix defects primed metal and wood surfaces, as well as vypravok of mist layer of enamel. Have high water resistance, resistance to cleaning agents, ensure durability of the surface paint. She glues the cracks and smooth out small irregularities. Depending on the nature of the premises are different and fillings used for work. There is a filler for dry and wet areas, facade, filling only to the walls and putty for walls and ceilings, etc. Plastered ceiling and walls done to align the surface, which can then be used for painting, wallpapering, laying tiles. Fillers are also different for dry and ready, which can be directly used in the work. Before the work dry mixture should be diluted with water and mix thoroughly. Typically, a mixture is prepared in small portions, enough for a certain amount of work at a certain time before the trial setting, when the putty mixture loses its elasticity and begins to howl poorly coupled to the surface. Plastered walls and ceilings can be made only on solid, strong and pure reason. Putty can be processed on plaster, stone, masonry, concrete, gypsum concrete, lightweight building boards, plasterboard, heraklite, insulation boards. To work on the plastered walls and ceiling are not suitable surface, a lot of time being wet, glass, plastic and metal. Plaster ceiling and walls are produced in two layers: - preliminary - the finish.
Wednesday, July 20, 2011
Decorative plaster
Vitaly Lviv make beautiful interiors at home today under the force of each. Would have the desire and money. The more so because there is no need content meager collection of traditional ways of finishing. New materials and technologies are gradually replacing the characteristic features of the interior of the Soviet era. For example, the walls hang wallpaper now unfashionable. Plaster - it is something that you can keep up with the times. And not only domestic but also in outdoor decoration. Widely used for decoration of buildings have decorative plaster relief, comprising: binding element - usually a synthetic resin which can be in the form of a dispersion or solution, filler and various additives, solvents, thickeners, preservatives, hydrophobic (water repellent) matter antiseptic and biocidal agents. Fillers for decorative plasters are three basic types. This marble, granite and quartz grit or a mixture thereof. The grain size crumb can vary quite widely: from 0.5 to 5.4 mm. In this case, the same material can be produced in several versions with different values ??of crumbs. Of course, that its size not only affects the appearance and degree of relief of the surface but also significantly affects the flow of material: the larger it is, the higher the consumption. Decorative plaster with large grains of the filler is preferably used for the exterior, since such surfaces look mostly from afar: that the surface structure was visible, it must be large enough relief. For finishing interior materials suited to small fraction of the crumbs - the surface becomes less rough.
White cement
Alexey Tyurin Technology development - the process of inevitable and interesting. With the advent of something new soon appear many possible solutions, improvements, unexpected insights. And if you ask a question about the appearance of innovations, for example, an interior designer, you probably get a detailed response on the use of certain material, but in a very unusual quality. Well, that stalwart building materials manufacturers, builders, designers and decorators take us further away from the grayness and anonymity, and opens up a world of unlimited possibilities for the development and implementation of the unusual architectural form, the interior. Changes related to even a routine and scarce materials like cement. In reality, many types of cement - from the ordinary to special, each of which there is verified the optimal formula for determining its quality. But it is changing and what's interesting, often for aesthetic reasons - there is a white cement that has been successfully used for the manufacture of artificial stone, brick, decorative elements such as moldings and is a part of high-quality glue mortar, making the white and colored concrete, self-leveling device floors and surfaces terrazitovyh, manufacture of small architectural forms, stairs and balconies. With the use of white cement making stairs, curbs and paving blocks. In fact, the list goes on. White cement in front of a gray has several advantages: high compressive strength at early and optimal timing of hardening.
Cement, glass fiber reinforced
Cement, glass fiber reinforced - a new composite material derived from the cement matrix or cement and fine aggregate and a small amount of alkali-resistant fiberglass. Expansion of production and application of designs from the GRC is an important reserve to reduce the cost of construction, saving labor costs, improve reliability and durability of building constructions. Disperse reinforcement not only improves the strength properties of concrete, but, more importantly, improves the performance of structures, for example, resistance to dynamic, temperature and humidity effects, wear, etc., which allows us to obtain a significant effect in the production and operation of GRC designs. According to the purpose GRC divided into structural, waterproofing, decorative and special. Based on the destination GRC, they are given appropriate properties through a combination of SHORT and long-fiber glass-fiber reinforcement elements and manufacturing technology. GRC has a very high technological properties of the formation of products of virtually any desired shape, has a high rate of bending strength, high impact strength, elasticity, crack resistance, water resistance, and, where necessary, and decorative surface. GRC provides a means of translating the architect of his plan, which the ductility, the ability to transfer the surface relief and lightness can compete with any other material. GRC is lightweight, easy handling, low cost installation and transportation; creates a decrease in load bearing structure of buildings, which provides a significant reduction in the cost of building the foundation and frame of the building, which is important for the restoration and reconstruction, has a low permeability, fire-resistant.
Plastering. Materials
Binders. These include: clay, lime, cement, gypsum and others. Building lime air hardens only in the air. Calcination of limestone receive lump lime or kipelku. This requires clearing and lime applied in the case in the form of lime paste. Lime-kipelku grind to a very fine powder to yield ground lime. It is used in this form, and quenched in the solution. If necessary, lime-kipelku quenched in pushonku - a fine powder. This quenching occurs with insufficient water in excess of water is obtained by lime putty. When lime-kipelki in pushonku takes about 1 m3 of water per 1 m3 kipelki. Kipelku strewed it upon a flat surface layer of 5-6 cm and watered from watering cans with water up to as long as it does not turn into powder. When lime-kipelki the dough for 1 m3 of it takes 3-4 m3 of water. Depending on the quality of raw materials and firing turns lime-kipelka bystrogasyaschayasya (with the term extinction is not more than 8 minutes), srednegasyaschayasya (8 to 25 min) and medlennogasyaschayasya (more than 25 minutes). Check the terms of quenching can be wrong. Split a piece of lime-kipelki into small pieces (2-3 cm), to take her about a cup and pour water at room temperature. Noticing the start of quenching (separation of steam and the conversion of lime into the dough), define the term extinction. Slake the best in the drawer of a minimum height of 20 cm Quenching is carried out as follows. Lime-kipelku poured into the box, filling it no more than 1 / 4 height. Large chunks of kipelki better to split into smaller ones.
Technology plastering
Once you have properly prepared the ground, straighten it, cause primer set lighthouses and reinforcing mesh, you can proceed to the final part of decorating. The final stage involves the direct application of plaster on the surface. First of all, note a number of recommendations that should be met with a view to producing high-quality and decorative coatings: Perform work at a certain temperature and humidity conditions. As a rule, at substrate temperatures between +5 ? C to +30 ? C and humidity less than 60%, but some formulations may require special conditions - follow the manufacturer's information. Carefully follow the manufacturer's instructions for the preparation of the solution. Used when applying the tools should be washed and cleaned after each stage of finishing. Oshtukaturivaya walls and ceiling of the room, start with the upper floors, and then go to the wall surface. When applying several layers of plaster must wait until the complete drying of the finished layer before laying the next. In order to apply the plaster on the walls, you'll need the following tools: Trowel or spatula Falcon Rule Poluterok Grater guided instruction, prepare a solution and start applying the plaster. Traditionally, this operation is divided into several stages - the plaster is placed in series and, with time pauses. First put a layer of plaster, called "spray". Solution for scratch coat should be thinner than the stock for subsequent layers and texture to resemble cream.
Tuesday, July 19, 2011
Such different plaster
Nikolai Ovchinnikov worked on the interiors of his house, a man strives to personalize the space, making it not only beautiful but functional, easy to use. A great way to interior walls - plastering: eventually you can get an interior that will please the eye even the most demanding aesthetic. There was a time when the plastering was considered the easiest, cheapest and primitive way of decorating walls. Was firmly prospirtovanny, slap up and down plasterer, mix mortar, then start wetting the walls, along the way "treating" the ceiling, floor, window ... And only then, when the plaster work is finished, you can get rolls of wallpaper or paint, and proceed to beautification of the living space. All this remains a distant and irrecoverable past. Now plaster - no less worthy material for the walls, rather than all the rest. And is it possible to compare this with the plaster, Soviet, traces of which still can be found on other cottages? Now with the help of plaster can recreate the palace interiors, to simulate the coverage under the marble or stone, to convey the effect of bulk pearl glow, wet silk, or even turn the room into a kind of grotto with sculptured walls, which were frozen in bizarre forms of tiny seashells list could continue for a long time because to date in the arsenal of companies engaged in decorative walls, there are hundreds of options for designs, patterns and types of finishes that can be created using plaster - Select any! Quite feasible to put on the surface of walls cottage most unimaginable volume patterns and drawings that his cut-off of the plastic will compete with bas-relief sculptures.
Work at the seams or all of the grout
Vitaly Lviv tiled grout, with some exceptions, is a cement slurry, which is usually packed in powder form and mixed with a liquid to a thick paste. It is used to fill the joints between the tiles, protection, support and framing their edges. Since in accordance with the instructions of grout should be an effort to dent the joints, the grout helps to reduce water penetration into the seams. However, there is no grout, which would be completely waterproof and which would have been able to stop the penetration of water or moisture in the ground. To learn how to avoid this effect will be discussed in this article. There are two basic types of grout material: a mixture of cement and the mixture through the resin. GROUTING mixture of cement, in turn, are divided into several categories: cement grout mixture based on Portland cement and cement-sand mixture based on Portland cement and sand. Cement-based grout has invented and patented by Joseph Aspdin (Joseph Aspdin) back in 1824 in the city of Leeds (UK). Portland - cement, incidentally, got its name from the Board because the color very much like building stone, mined in the English island of Portland. Simple intertiled grout is exceptionally cement mixture with additives that give it specific performance - for example, easy spreadability (which increases the convenience of installation) or slowing down the process of setting. Such a cement mixture usually diluted with water or liquid latex. Easy grout used for joints of width less than 5.3 mm.
Colored stone chips
To finish the walls and the design decisions, there are many interesting decorative materials. One of them - colored stone chips, which we describe in this article. This material is a thick mixture of small stones, combined with adhesive and astringent ingredients. A set of color chips, and each individual mixture consists of several shades of one color. Litter can be applied on virtually any surface: cement, concrete, drywall, plastered surfaces and so on. The composition is well masked wall irregularities, well kept, it is durable and easy to clean. To clean a surface enough to wipe the wall with soap solution or water. Choosing the material you have to remember that the strength and durability are not empty words. After the application of the crumbs on the wall formed a monolithic surface, so if you will soon want to repave, the crumbs will unstick "together with the wall." So that the new coating (for example, wallpaper or paint) is recommended to put on top, carefully pre-aligning the stones putty. Technology Application: Stone chips, as well as other finishing mixture is applied to the prepared surface. The wall should be cleaned and primed (it is important that primer protect walls from moisture and mold - keep this in mind when choosing a primer). For application of crumbs you'll need a spatula. Work with the crumbs should be accurately and on small sections of the wall. A little mixture of sketches on the wall and spreads move downwards. Remove any excess with a spatula.
Monday, July 18, 2011
Dry building mixtures
Smooth wall surfaces can be decorative, causing plaster sprayed, Rustam, etc. On the wooden walls, it can be made of conventional lime-gypsum mortars, the stone and the like - from the lime-gypsum, cement and cement-lime solutions. Texture sprayed done throwing the solution through a mesh strjahivaniem solution with a broom or with a brush. Sprayed through the mesh with a broom perform any solution (even with large aggregates), sprayed with a brush - a solution with a fine filler. To get a tight sprayed without permits, it is repeated several times until the surface is not coated with a solution will not seats. Sprayed over the net. On a wooden frame the size of 1000x1000 or 1000x1500 mm pull a grid with mesh size from 2,5 to 10 mm (depending on the size texture). That the grid does not buckle and vibrate, with the reverse side of the frame on the diagonal pull on the wire, which carries the net, tying it to the wire in two or three places. To frame has always defended the same distance from the surface, her nail bar - rack length 100-250 mm. Constant position relative to the frame plastered surface makes it possible to get sprayed the same size, but it should throw a solution with equal force. Frame puts the damage to the surface of the soil and a trowel with a falcon throw over the net solution. Passing through the grid, the solution is cut and falls to the surface in the form of tubercles. Sprayed with a broom perform well. Take a birch broom without leaves, chop off the ends.
Decorative finishing plaster
Smooth wall surfaces can be decorative, causing plaster sprayed, Rustam, etc. On the wooden walls, it can be made of conventional lime-gypsum mortars, the stone and the like - from the lime-gypsum, cement and cement-lime solutions. Texture sprayed done throwing the solution through a mesh strjahivaniem solution with a broom or with a brush. Sprayed through the mesh with a broom perform any solution (even with large aggregates), sprayed with a brush - a solution with a fine filler. To get a tight sprayed without permits, it is repeated several times until the surface is not coated with a solution will not seats. Sprayed over the net. On a wooden frame the size of 1000x1000 or 1000x1500 mm pull a grid with mesh size from 2,5 to 10 mm (depending on the size texture). That the grid does not buckle and vibrate, with the reverse side of the frame on the diagonal pull on the wire, which carries the net, tying it to the wire in two or three places. To frame has always defended the same distance from the surface, her nail bar - rack length 100-250 mm. Constant position relative to the frame plastered surface makes it possible to get sprayed the same size, but it should throw a solution with equal force. Frame puts the damage to the surface of the soil and a trowel with a falcon throw over the net solution. Passing through the grid, the solution is cut and falls to the surface in the form of tubercles. Sprayed with a broom perform well. Take a birch broom without leaves, chop off the ends.
Painting: Work with a brush
This is the simplest and most familiar way of applying paint and varnishes, mordants. For work, you can use the following types of brushes: pobelochnaya brush to paint the walls and ceiling, round brush (handbrake) for painting radiators, pipes, woodwork and other surfaces with oil paint, brush, ceiling brushes for painting the walls and ceilings with emulsion paint and glue; paneled brush for depositing thin strips on the walls flat brush (fleyts) for painting in oils and correcting defects after painting the walls of the adhesive coating (it is used and when stained with emulsion paint), crosscut, paint roller to cover the walls of emulsion and oil paints. When choosing a brush, note the length of its working parts. If the hair is too long, the paint can not be any shade, let alone put an even layer. Brush with short hair instead of feathering will deform the painted surface, leaving traces. Only in the case when the length of the working part of the brush is equal to its diameter, the elasticity of hair and push your hands are balanced, and is attained uniformly applying a layer of paint. If the brush is made with the bristles, the length of which exceeds the diameter of the beam, in any case, do not cut it. Recommended to shorten the working part by roping coarse thread or twine. In this case, the brush will last you much longer. In order to harness not slipped (the brush will be narrowed to an end, since the inside working parts will be free space), it should be inside the working parts of the plugs made of wood or rubber of the same diameter as the handle, and the height the same as the estimated binding .
Woodworking tools
Woodworking tools are very important in the manufacture and construction. After all, with any construction wood plays an important role. Wood used in exterior and the interior designs. Thus, qualitatively selected tool will not only save time and nerves running construction crews, but also save money on repairs in the future. In general, woodworking tools inseparably connected with the construction from the outset. So that would cut down a tree using a saw, and it is a woodworking tool. To clean the timber is also used woodworking tools. Later sawmill equipment, carpentry equipment and dryers complete the job. And most ordinary tree trunk into a set of excellent boards just created for high-quality construction. It is no secret that the processing of wood have long been automated. To work in the shop does not need a large number of people. Automated tools to cope better than in any automated woodworking shop can be found and equipment for artificial aging of wood and cleaning chips, and equipment for cutting defects. A complete set of these machines will not only completely automate your production, but also significantly save on staff. Thus, there is no need in the design of workers, nor taxes, nor in contributions to insurance funds. Automated woodworking machines are an excellent woodworking tool. They are easy to use, intuitive operation. Easily repaired and not too expensive to maintain. Perform any work on the wood quickly and efficiently, it is on the shoulder of any team.
Sunday, July 17, 2011
Power. Rotary Hammer or Drill?
Repair the apartment, and especially - building a house, it's hard to imagine without the use of power tools. Electric planes, chainsaws and circular saws, woodworking machines, milling machines, jig saws, hammers, drills, screwdrivers, angle grinders and grinding machines (grinders), and Wall Chasers - this is not a complete list of tools for carrying out these works. However, not all consumers are bound by the rules of operation, and not always correctly make the choice of the power. Power tools can be: for professional use - such a tool requires its long, sometimes around the clock, using a continuous operation and heavy-duty, unprofessional - the tool has a weaker design their sites and requires work breaks at regular intervals. Some manufacturers, such as Bosch, to enhance the differences between these two types of tool paints them in different colors (green for non-professionals, blue - for the pros). The difference in price between professional and nonprofessional tool is essential. In addition, there are two types of food everyday tool - AC or built into the instrument housing the battery. Buying a tool for AC, you need to verify its degree of security, and if it is imported, then whether it is certified for use in our networks. Tool powered by batteries advisable to buy only if you are coming regularly work neelektrofitsirovannyh objects. This tool is certainly more convenient, since no binding to the power supply does not need wires, you can go to the car or the garage.
Spend wisely
Types of adhesives for wallpaper adhesives for wallpaper used on the basis of flour, starch, wood glue, resins, latex, rubber and other adhesive materials possessing acceptable processing properties (colorless, necessary adhesion, time setting). Industry produces adhesives in the form of packaged with instructions for preparation and application. If there is no glue factory manufacture adhesives can be made from flour and their waste, as well as potato or corn starch. Pasting a simple wallpaper paste should be prepared without glue. With its adhesive used for gluing surfaces and label paper. Prokleivat and pasting paper can be hot paste, wallpaper is just cool. From the hot glue paint on the wallpaper and soak smeared during priglazhivaniya, so it should be done through a clean paper. Shelf-life glue at a positive temperature one day, when negative - two or three days. Fresh paste has a high bonding strength. Its better to prepare for a day of work. Consumption of any adhesive depends on the roughness of the surface density of the paper and wallpaper. Some wallpapers require double smearing paste and, of course, the ability to work. Paste made of flour or starch is used when a sale is not final. Flour can be replaced by flour dust settles on different structures inside the mill and the flour with the presence of small grains of sand, what happens when after forging grinding millstones. Flour is rye, peklevannaya or peeled, wheat, oats, etc., which has good adhesive ability. Starch can be potato, corn or maize.
Work angle grinders
For the simplest include angle grinders, popularly referred to as simply "Bulgarian". On it was already mentioned above. More details about the device and use of Bulgarian will be discussed below, but here only describes the use of this tool for sanding wood surfaces. It should be noted that not every angle grinder suitable for woodworking. For these purposes, you need a machine with adjustable speed (smooth or step - does not really matter). In addition, you must have a special adapter to use circles of sandpaper. These circles are always made on an ad hoc basis for fuzzy tissue that they can be mounted on Velcro adapter. This design allows you to quickly replace the used range of sandpaper and continue the processing of wood harvesting. With this tool should work with caution, because quite simply spoil botched handling nearly finished parts. Work hand-grinder more subtle tool for grinding and polishing are hand grinders with a very high number of revolutions per minute, small collets or even equipped with sleeve sleeve like a drill used in dentistry. These machines have a smooth level adjustable speed. Depending on the material, processing method and a grinding tool, you can choose the suitable for this operation, rotor speed grinder. The set of machines includes cutters of various shapes and grits, metal burs, drills of different diameters, holders for different forms of abrasive paper and felt polishing discs and cylinders. For each type of work and forms obrabatovaemoy surface, you can right tool.
Tools for marking and fixing the wood
Any work with wood should start with the markup. You can use rulers, marking squares, roulette and other measuring devices. For marking circles or drawing, you can use a homemade compass. Without the use of control and measuring instruments can not perform even the simplest operation. The most common tool for this kind of a roulette, which is used for measuring linear quantities. If the markup on the bench or desktop necessarily need to have a ruler. It most convenient to attach to the end of bench boards, so you fuse istrument on for confirmation. Attach the line to be the ends, so you can remove it if necessary, and then put back into place. Roulette is a tape measure made of thin flexible steel, enclosed in metal or plastic housing. In most roulette tape unwound automatically under the influence of the spring. Roulette come with a measuring tape of different lengths. We recommend that you purchase roulette 10 m long, it will come in handy not only for joinery and carpentry, but also in the repair of apartments and work at their summer cottage. To measure the linear values ??can be used a ruler and a folding rule. Last convenient because in hard Metakhim may be of variable length and in some cases easier to work with them than with a tape measure or ruler. To establish the exact right angle and measure the angle between the sides of parts using squares. They are often made of metal or wood. At one of the shoulder gon have markings in increments of 1 mm. To build on blanks marking a 45 ° angle used device, dubbed "erunok.
What kind of chainsaw you choose?
Domestic saws - the most primitive. By their aid, usually resorted on occasion, such as when to procure wood for the fireplace. Functional abilities of the minimum drinking. They calculated an average of 20 hours of use per month (about 40 minutes a day), and their low power offset lightweight and easy to use. Semi-professional models perform any work - from construction and repair to the felling of trees. Their only drawback - the inability to use for 8-10 hours a day for a long period. Often they are Loppers as lumberjacks. Professional saws have a high capacity (usually more than 2,5 kW) and are characterized by a wide range of functions. They are used mainly as Valenod drank, they worked tirelessly throughout the year for 10-16 hours a day. But the main feature of the professional tools - 8 hours without a break. These saws are made of durable and wear-resistant materials, and their share in the range 1300-2000 meter (for household model, this figure is 2-3 times lower). Life of the chainsaw precise and clear definition of "life work", which would be equally operated with all manufacturers and retailers do not exist. The townsfolk treat it as a time to send the instrument to the dump, and specialists - like the time before the first engine overhaul or decrease the compression of 40%. As can be seen, the exact number to call is difficult or practically impossible, so the focus here is on the availability of firm service. The main advice manual chainsaw (as, indeed, any other instrument) is as follows: choose the right mode of operation and to avoid significant congestion.
Saturday, July 16, 2011
Metal-cutting tools
Metal cutting tools, as well the name implies, is used to manipulate the metal. Called "metal cutting tool, means the combination of all these tools, which may to some extent, be used to change the shape, size and properties of metal. As a rule, et.d.laetsya to obtain the finished product or polufabrikata.V modern world building plays an important role. Various kinds of construction or renovation works are everywhere. This is logical. On the one hand, many buildings are deteriorating with time and in need of restoration, on the other hand is an active construction in order to create new trade and jobs. Role of metal structures is difficult to overestimate. They are used everywhere. The high popularity of metal products and is due to reliability and durability. Metal cutting tool is divided into machine tools and manual. Since machine tools are usually meant by a fixed form of execution, often machine works that specialist manufactures of metal, all the necessary manipulations. Hand-held metal cutting tool of its convenient portability. If we talk about the technical features of metal cutting tools, the tools consist of the working part, which is divided into a cutting and calibrated, as well as the mounting part. Let's try razdelitpo technological purpose machine tools metal cutting tools. So, this machine is primarily divided into the following subgroups: gear cutting, threading, cutters, milling cutters, broaches, to handle holes, abrasive and diamond tools. For education and treatment of holes using drills, reamers, boring plate, combined tool tsekovki, countersinks, counterbores, which is used for drilling, turning, revolving, boring, jig-boring and other machines.
Cutting wood jigsaw
Wonderful assistants at sawing wood can be electric. The most common include jigsaw, chainsaw or electric pendulum (TEM). This power tool is designed for cutting and sawing of wood, chipboard (particleboard), wood-fiber boards (MDF), plastics, composite materials and even metal. Saws vary in power, adjustable speed and a maximum thickness of sawed materials. For example, we present specifications jigsaws on the tree. Rated power - 420 Tues Number of moves with no load (with controller) - 600-3300 rpm. Maximum thickness of sawed materials:-wood - 55 mm;-synthetic material - 25 mm, mild steel - 5 mm. The possibility of oblique cutting-and 45 ° in both directions. Weight Saws - 2,3 kg. Mode - continuous. The principle of FEM is relatively simple. Hack saw blade is driven (reciprocating) piston rod by an electric motor through a downshift gears and rocker mechanism. In addition to the mechanism of the reciprocating motion, FEM has a tilting mechanism saw blade, which increases the efficiency of cutting materials. With a special controller, which is located on the body of TEM, you can install one of several modes of operation. When sawing thin pieces of plastic and metal vibration is not required, but when sawing hardwood and procurement of considerable thickness can install a small swing saw blade. Maximum amplitude of oscillation is usually set at fast cutting softwood. One of the main stages of work is the choice of saw blade and install in the TEM. Since this is a versatile power tool, then to work with different materials have different blades.
Diamond tools: diamond discs and wheels
Diamond Tool is divided into a tool for engineering and metal-and diamond tools for stone processing. About him we'll talk. Diamond tools for stone - a stone treatment plants and large and small granite shops, repair and construction crews, and more. Variety of diamond tools Firstly, the diamond tool is divided into a tool to work with cooling and tools for use in the dry. You can also classify it on the cutting diamond wheels, grinding, polishing, ring drills, profile cutters and ropes. Tool for the job in a dry and cooling runs at different speeds (linear velocity of 30-35 m / s for cooling and 80 m / s to work in the dry), and therefore are not interchangeable. Can I use the tool to the material on which he claimed will be clear from what follows. Operational characteristics of the main parameters on which we should look at selecting a tool - a resource and performance. Resource is measured in square meters, the performance in square centimeters per minute. Both depends on the material, and the operating conditions. Normal resource Diamond disc suhoreza the concrete of 230 mm. approximately 10 square meters. Capacity 200 sq. meters. cm / min. An important parameter is the cost cutting. Good cost cutting one square meter of solid material (eg granite fourth category) is $ 4 per square meter when working with refrigeration, and $ 7 at work in the dry. The dependence of the optimal properties of the diamond layer of the material layer of diamond cutting disc (diamond-bearing layer) is composed of diamonds and ligaments.
Friday, July 15, 2011
On the stairs
"Laudable steps, if they are bright, spacious and easy for walking: for, as such, they attract people to climb on them ..." (Andrea Palladio, 1570). These are the words of the outstanding Italian architect of the Renaissance precisely define the main purpose of architecture - to serve man. In this case, the key task of architecture with the passage of time does not change and is manifested again and again in various forms. The main functional requirements to architectural design at all times remain the same, only changed their look and feel of the device. Today ladder is not only a means of transportation man in space. In addition to its core "The Calling", it increasingly becomes a central element of the interior, helping to create the appearance of a certain atmosphere and mood in the house. Therefore, for the modern architect important thing is choice of installing stairs in the house, its design and materials of manufacture, the more so that their choices are so great that it can realize any of imagination and creative impulses. (Jozsef Coso, Staircases: Design and Technology, 2004, ID "Kontent). Placed at different heights or located at the same height, but distant levels of the buildings made to connect the stairs. This is done for the safe movement of evacuation and transportation. Despite the fact that ladders play an important role in interior spaces and facilities in the first place, they remain the engineering designs. Of them rely heavily on functional connections between rooms, located inside the building, concrete floor of the device and its projection characteristics, since it provides the stairs to move between floors and connects located at different levels of space.
Stairs
There are many different types of ladders used in individual homes, some versions of these ladders are shown in Fig. 108. In most cases, set wooden stairs, which can be a decoration at home, especially because the market now have a lot of curly turned balusters. Consider some of the most common design of stairs. Construction of an open staircase illustrated in Fig. 109. Sawtooth beam (kosour) is secured between the floors, the wall is also a tetivaprikreplennaya to the wall beam. In the bow-string made grooves for installing treads and risers. Fig. 108. Circuits internal stairs: a - odnomarshevaya b, d, f - round; c, e - half-pace; x - mnogomarshevaya; is - screw. Interim kosour supports the tread and risers, and the supporting bar is used to mount the bowstring and two Kosourov. Risers are made of thick planks not less than 1.5 cm, tread - from the boards a minimum thickness of 2.5 cm to connect to tread on the bottom of prostupenkov selected quarter, the top risers included in the groove bottom of the stair tread. Struts are installed on the glue, reinforce the tread compound - risers in front of the stage. The back of each step increased with screws through podstupenok to tread, which stands for each podstupenok to 2-2,5 cm round out the overhang. Vertical risers are cut off the ends of each angle 45 °, connect to the "conditions" with vertical slits Kosourov. Further staircase decorated with overlaid side bolsters, side and front belts. Ris.109. The design of the open staircase Fig.110.
Metal stairs
Ladder - the oldest human inventions. It would seem like a bicycle, to invent a ladder anymore. But it is only at first glance. The principle of the structure itself may remain unchanged, but the shape and design of stairs every time may be unique. Reinforced metal stairs Among a variety of metal stairs, we can distinguish the following types (joists): solid (stone, concrete) on Kosourov (one, two or more) on the string at the Bolza console (with the incorporation of steps in the wall), screw on the ropes themselves carry construction of metal ladders can be made of various materials: iron steel, stainless steel and wood. For step metal ladder used mineral materials (ceramic, glass, tile, etc.), wood, metal (including stainless steel), and combinations thereof. Advantages and disadvantages of metal ladders: Metal ladders are the second most popular place among the stairs. Metal ladders are just outside the wooden stairs. Second place says about the shortcomings of metal stairs. Not the least - about the merits. The main application of metal stairs found in industrial buildings, as well as in outdoor stairs. That metal stairs - a framework for attic ladders, for folding ladders (ladders). Not as often as wood, but also in individual construction use metal ladders. The advantage of metal stairs in their ability to combine. Stairs, metal perfectly with wood trim, with a stone and glass. Widespread use of metal frames, wooden stairs, stairs made of stone and concrete. The advantages of metal stairs can also be attributed a relatively easy process of their manufacture.
Work planers
The plane may have both metal and wooden body, although in recent years, the number of produced planers in wooden buildings has decreased significantly. Plane with the metal casing is used primarily for treatment of solid wood and particleboard. To perform basic work used planes with a wooden hull, because they are easy to slide on the wood, which results in ease of use. There are several types of hand planes, which are designed for a different type of work. Depending on this, their blades can be straight or curved. The most commonly used jack-plane - a tool used for the initial, rough handling of the workpiece. With help of a special rounded blade it allows you to prepare a wood surface for further alignment and removes all irregularities remaining after cutting. In most variants of jack-plane can be massive and heavy enough, to make it easier to remove various irregularities in the wood surface. Housing jack-plane is usually made of metal. Single-plane is used after the surface was treated with jack-plane. Feature of it is broad straight blade, which allows you to take a flat thin shavings. When working single-planers, the formation of small chips and scuffing. Dual plane is used for cleaning the surface, which was treated with single-planers. This is the final form of treatment, after which the workpiece surface is smooth, almost mirror. Getting the surface of similar quality is provided by the structure of dual planer blades. The fact that each blade is set so-called chipbreaker, which does not form a bully and chipped.
Thursday, July 14, 2011
An electric drill
Household electric drills are designed for a few hours a day, because the mechanisms of these instruments are made of soft alloy, if not of sound plastmassy.Sama construction of an electric drill is designed to work with a variety of materials. To do this, they have a special controller turns on the switch button (for use with a tree one speed to work with metal - other). Incidentally, this adjustment can be infinitely variable, with a smooth transition from one mode to another. There is a household electric drill fitted with a function of shock action. This is the most advanced feature, which displays the tool almost to the level of the perforator. In the more "clever" household model has an additional feature screwing and unscrewing screws. For this drill provides switching speed and direction of rotation of the chuck. That is, for screwing screws drill operates at low speed and can rotate in both the right and the left side. After a certain number of revolutions a special mechanism in the drill as if podstukivaet drill, which allows the latter more effectively cut into the material. Moreover, the mechanism of shock action debugged so that the drill does not need to buy special drill bits, you can work the ordinary. Naturally, such a power drill can drill holes and without a hammering, it is enough to switch it to normal operation. Virtually all domestic electric drill equipped with keyless (manual) cartridge that allows you to quickly change the necessary drill without a key.
Calculation of the stairs
To staircase not only successfully blended into the interior, but was comfortable in operation and served for many years, it is necessary to think of ways to calculate all the nuances and stairs. A preliminary calculation of stairs to avoid possible errors that affect basic consumer characteristics of the material. Projects ladders must take into account features of the room. And also, most importantly, projects must take into account the wishes of the customer, the type of stairs - vintavaya or sustainer is the ladder will be. Exact calculation saves material and provides an ideal mounting the stairs. Method of calculating the project stairs lies in the choice of the stairs in the plan at home and in the calculation of its constituent structural parts. For the optimal choice of location for future steps are no clear rules, although it can give some advice. Stairs, type and location are determined by specificity of a house or apartment. On the ground floor of a house or apartment is usually provided for the so-called complimentary rooms: living room, lobby. Of course, that the entrance to the stairs should be in one of these premises. In some projects, but the invitation still provides room and hallway, and then the situation of stairs according to the method of calculation ladders tied to location, such as bathrooms and toilets in the house. If a bathroom on the second floor, the staircase is better to have in the hallway - it's closer to the door of the bathroom. If your house is a bathroom on the ground, the ladder should be put in the corridor to avoid hypothermia after taking a bath.
Electric drills and screwdrivers. Overview
Electric drills and screwdrivers vvoshli in life builder and holds a strong place cedis his favorite tools. Therefore I propose to consider the power tools that are represented in the domestic market. Electric drill can be named the most popular tool. In every apartment where the man lives, doing something with their hands, there is an electric drill. The roar of an electric drill can be heard on any construction site, in the garage, the shop floor, in the studio. Modern technology added to an electric subtle electronic control, reverse, speed control, safety clutches, vibration system, etc. IE 1505 Household Electric drill electric drill made in the CIS and the former Soviet Union model features an electric drill Rebir TRU 2P-13 ER, 2-13 ER, 2Z-13 ER. An electric drill for drilling holes in metal, plastic, wood, construction materials. Some of the most common in the domestic market an electric drill. Basic Mode - Drilling. Drilling kamnevidnyh materials (concrete, bricks), these have an electric drill mode hammerdrilling. Reverse function in an electric drill is not designed for permanent shurupovertnyh works, rather, to extract the bits from the drilled hole. The limit speed is set by rotating the wheel on the trigger, and its current value depends on the degree of pressing the trigger. Electrodrill IE-1505 CE, DE (JSC Konakovo Plant Power Tools "). These electric drill for drilling holes in metal, plastic, wood, construction materials. An electric drill fitted with a cast gearbox box with a seat for more grip, which is standard for Russian instruments.
How to choose a power tool? Tips for Choosing
Repair the apartment, and especially - building a house, it's hard to imagine without the use of power tools. Electric planes, chainsaws and circular saws, woodworking machines, milling machines, jig saws, drills, hammers, screwdrivers, planes, and angle grinders machines (grinders), and Wall Chasers - this is not a complete list of tools designed to provide invaluable assistance in carrying out these works. Not all builders or DIY embarking on repairs, have your own full instrumental arsenal, submitted by all the leading models, such as the Bosch or Black & Decker. Usually do an audit of the tool that is available, and for him to re-buy the missing. The most common mistake in this case - buy a multifunctional, versatile instrument, and insufficient attention to some of its technical and operational parameters. To work newly acquired tool has not been interrupted and marred by disappointment, both in the model and its manufacturer, to choose the right tool, and then correctly apply it. Most major manufacturers are working long and hard to build each model instrument. After a thorough cleanup and release into production they all tend to correspond to their passport parameters. However, not all consumers are bound by the rules of operation, and most importantly - not always correctly make the choice of the power. This seemingly trivial task, in fact, complicated and responsible. Below are recommendations to help the proper selection of power tools. Professional - unprofessional Power is a professional and non-professional purposes.
What you need to know when choosing a ladder
Types of stairs is not too much, but still choose to eat from what. And if you live in the original construction, then we can come up with something very own. Importantly - to consider at least the basic recommended settings for their own as security. Optimal slope stairs - up to 45 degrees, this is the case when less is more. Width of the stair well to meet the 45-th the size of the legs (not less than 28-30 cm) so as not to fall down on the way down. If a strong increase of this size you'll get mixed up with the inevitable step, and with a strong decrease in loss to descend. Riser (or risers podstupennika, whichever you prefer) should be no more than 20 cm if the home has small children, be sure to arrange fencing (railings, pillars, balusters). And if you do not have children, barriers must be present and strong. Balusters set in increments of a maximum of 15 cm (it is the distance between their central points), with their thickness of less than 5 cm is reasonable to put the two balusters on the stairs, a kind of fence will not allow even a child's head stick. With a width of stairways more than 110 cm is desirable to make additional fencing along the wall, using the so-called Wall handrail. Another important detail - the material of which make a ladder. The first occurred when the word 'ladder' Association (at least for me) - the creaking and squeaking, as we know, a tree. Although nowadays there are many ways to relieve all sorts of wood floors and stairs from scratches that occurred Association persistently leaves no imagination there are no other options.
Wednesday, July 13, 2011
Glass stairs
Glass staircases - a novelty in the construction market, it's the most exotic stairs today. These designs are stylish, modern, do not prevent the penetration of light into the room, give the interior a lightness and grace. The successful combination of fantasy and designer of advanced engineering solutions allow to achieve the visual sensation with an increase in the volume of the room. Lightweight and elegant design of glass staircases, for any lift height will fit in the interior of the apartment, suburban home, office or nightclub. Glass - very avant-garde and exotic material for the brave and the wealthy. Courage them not that they will risk their lives by walking on a transparent stairs, they are quite durable and reliable, and that such an unconventional material involves the same irregularity of the interior and its owner for making glass stairs applies specifically glass produced by multi-layer bonding technology, or a multiplex, or in other words triplex. Multiplex - two or more layers of glass connected by a polymer material. Intermediate polymer layer not only prevents shards of glass scattered on impact, but, as a reinforcing element that lends strength to this connection. Stage of glass staircases are made of the same quality glass and are multi-layered composition of glass and polymer, which provides a margin of safety and security needed at high loads and shocks. For greater resistance to dynamic loads in the upper layer uses a special shock-resistant glass.
SIGNAL overalls
The list of remedies for work in conditions of poor visibility warning clothing rightfully occupies a leading position. According to the safety requirements of these means of individual protection should be provided for drivers of city passenger transport, road work and construction, services, utilities and many others. Signal Clothing is a significant part of the range clothes of many companies, but not every "signal" suit, vest or jacket shall have the right to be called as such. What clothes - the signal? What is the only "signal" clothes can not be found today in the Russian market of clothing! Suits and jackets from the tissues of a light yellow, light orange, orange-pink, pale green or yellow-green, equipped with retroreflective bands, producers represent a signal, and uninformed buyers purchase them, and quietly work without even realizing that such a remedy is not so, as expected, performs its protective function. According to GOST 12.4.219-99 "Apparel special signal increased visibility" warning clothing, designed to visually indicate the presence of man in conditions of reduced visibility, must be performed with the use of background fabric in red, yellow or orange. Background fabrics are made of fluorescent material, impregnated with special dyes and pigments, which convert invisible ultraviolet rays into visible light. Clothes made of such fabrics provide optimum visibility in daylight against the backdrop of almost any urban or rural landscape.
Pruner
Most of secateurs - is working with a particular blade geometry (in Duplex cutting two of them). Angles of sharpening both blades should be very sharp and at the same time not too brittle. In good pruners bolt that connects the blades to each other, off-center so that the incision was moving. This tool does not cut, and neatly cuts the branch. Many models are fitted with comfortable buffer buff when closing the blades. Spring, distributing lever handle in hand, to prevent sticking of the blades and contributes to the soft opening and closing tool. The longer the handle, the more thick branches "in the teeth" to your loyal assistant. The Soviet pruners levers are plastic inserts, but when they were stripped, holes covered tape. This inventory was uncomfortable at work and potentially travmoopasen. Now covering the handles are made of various materials, soft and comfortable to lie in your hands. Another detail pruners - the castle. This simple little device does not allow the blades and the handles break under the action of the spring and is designed for secure and convenient storage in a closed state. Different but equally necessary there pruners mechanical and electrical, or rather, storage, serving to trim trees, vines, cutting, shaping berry and ornamental shrubbery, trimming the roots and other works. They are distinguished by purpose: to thin branches, and for thicker twigs, shoots, flowers, shrubs, by the construction of the cutting system - one-sided (on the principle of scissors) or bilateral (bypass and nakovalenkoy) cutting.
Tuesday, July 12, 2011
How to choose a screwdriver
Screwdriver - one of the most popular tools in any home. It is needed not only during construction or major repairs, but also in various everyday situations, which often arise in our lives. One has only to run into a couple of times, for example, the need to assemble a wardrobe, or change the lock, it becomes clear that without a screwdriver is necessary. And then the question arises: how to choose a screwdriver? Product range to date, very broad, but how to find the perfect tool for yourself? The first thing to pay attention to basic characteristics of screwdrivers. So the important parameters are the speed and torque. For domestic use rather screwdriver with a torque of 10 - 15 Nm, which allows you to tighten the screws tight. Wrenches with high torque are considered universal, since they allow to carry out the function and drilling hard materials. In professional tools it can reach up to 130 Nm. The choice of speed is also associated with what the complexity of the problem will be solved. To tighten the screws enough speed to 400-500 rpm. Drilling requires a minimum of 1200-1300 rpm. The high rate is required only in exceptional cases. Now let's look at the gearbox. This element allows the rotation shaft tool with a certain angular velocity. For screwing up enough of 500 rpm, for normal drilling - from 1200 to 1500 rpm. Usually Cordless Screwdrivers planetary gear set with plastic gears satellites. When choosing naturally the question arises as a professional tool to buy or household.
How to use paint brushes and rollers
1. During painting operations often have to remove the excess paint with a brush. A piece of wire bent at both ends and firmly put on the edges of the buckets of paint, can be both stand for the brush, and kisteochistitelem. 2. Take care of keeping a brush. Do not place brush near the banks, and keep it always lowered into the paint. To do this, please be a metal rod and drill in the handle of the brush a few holes. By decreasing the level of ink in the bank, permutes bars in another hole. 3. It is known that the paint brush can be a long time, if every time you're finished her carefully washed in a solvent and warm water with soap or detergent. And if it is then also how to comb-toothed comb, brush will be good as new. 4. To paint brush, stained with oil paint, do not dry out, put it in a glass jar with a solvent, pull on the neck of the jars plastic bag and fasten it with string or rubber chemist. 5. A piece of old bicycle camera, intercepted by a rubber ring, perfectly serves as a temporary store paint brushes. 6. To wash the paintbrush to paint, it is convenient to use a small plastic bag. Dip the brush in it and fill it with solvent. Fix the upper part of the package to handle a brush rubber ring. Thus, the solvent can permanently keep. 7. Clear brush from the paint that covered the floor, not so simple. Looking for organic solvents, but they are rarely at hand. Suggest that after working with paint brush to put on the day in the water Luck, though hard, but it will be loose and easily removed with a brush. 8.
Life saving helmet ...
Danger of a head injury exists in all types of industries. Slippery with oil or oil floor falling building materials or objects that are close to running machinery and equipment - just a small list of things that can cause accidental loss of human health and disability. Properly selected and applied by means of head protection is constantly used during the working day - a simple and reliable way to solve this problem. By means of head protection include: helmets, protective caps, hats, caps, berets, caps, scarves and mosquito nets. The most common are the helmets, especially the models used in construction work and the industry. There are three types of danger when you hit an unprotected head: the destruction of the skull bones, damage to the cervical vertebrae, a concussion. Under the rules, safety helmets mandatory should be applied everywhere, where there is a chance of items falling on his head. But the helmets provide protection not only from the accidental fall of objects, mechanical damage, electrical shock, harmful radiation and molten metal splashes. Must be borne in mind that 30% of accidents occur not in the vertical, and side impact, for example, working in a collision with hard objects. The list of professions where it happens, great, often at risk of a side impact are workers in repair of various equipment for enterprises, porters. To a certain degree of risk are working with large equipment, the presence of a large number of protruding parts, the constant movement of the body and change its position during the operations.
All of the brushes and rollers
Dyeing - the final stage of finishing. Quality of painting depends largely on how the tool used. Therefore, we consider the essential brushes and rollers. Importantly - the bristles There are a number of requirements for quality brushes: it must recruit and retain the paint, and during the "route" from the tank to the work surface, it is desirable that the paint is not dripping with it. Further, if the brush is good, then it is uniformly painted onto the surface, and the tool distributes the composition of the entire surface completely, with no additional dovodok. Brushes are available in plastic, metal clip and tie filament, with wooden or plastic handles. As the "stuffing" is used here, natural (from poluhrebtovoy and spinal pig bristles, horse, badger, squirrel hair and Core), artificial (synthetic fibers), or mixed materials. Natural hair is a light, gray and black. To achieve greater flexibility, durability and strength of pre-boil it. Better than hard brushes are made from poluhrebtovoy and spinal bristles. Since the hairs are cone-shaped structure, it allows you to collect enough coloring composition, less spray it and get the result perfectly painted surfaces. But these brushes quite expensive. Brush of synthetic fibers for proper operation are very long, but they work - things punishment: this brush takes very little paint, despite the fact that most of the drains on the floor, thus increasing the costs. The soft bristles of the hair proteins and the column is mainly used for the manufacture of thin paneled brushes.
Features of personal protective equipment builders working in the manufacturing process
Work Desktop is part of the production sector, limited institutional socio-economic elements and is due to risk factors and the load while on duty. Production conditions of the working teams of builders of large companies is characterized by the negative impact of factors of production, reduce the efficiency of labor and influence the health of workers. According to the system safety standards to ensure normal working conditions, its performance in the production environment and protection from exposure to hazardous and harmful production factors used personal protective equipment. One of the means to protect the life support when the workload from the harmful effects of production factors and environmental conditions is a special garment worker. Special clothing is a major component in a complex system "working - overalls - work environment." Overalls, being one of the main means of individual protection of workers, designed to protect rights at work from exposure to hazardous and harmful factors. The influence of dangerous and harmful production factors on the builders in the workplace extends to physical, emotional, biological state of the builder. For example, the peculiarities of the working conditions of builders include: work outdoors, at heights, on spec. Technology, which means that exposure to climate-environment - snow, rain, wind, overheating, solar radiation, work with polymer materials, metallorengenoskopiya - a long and constant interaction with toxic substances and materials, the impact of radioactive substances; performance of heavy manual work, inadequate lighting in conditions of high dust production - significant quantities of static loads, eye strain, strain of muscle groups, the application of electric welding and gas welding operations in confined areas - increased intensity of the influence of radiant energy, work on special.
Monday, July 11, 2011
Drills, planers, saws
If you go into any specialty store, you come down on a variety of companies, brands and models of hand tools: Makita, Bosch, Black & Decker, Atlas Copco, Skil, Flex, Festo, Wagner, Casals. What to choose what is best suited for certain types of work at home or at the cottage? To all to understand, offer "Travel Guide" by type of modern hand-held power tools. First of all I must say that the tools are professional and amateur. Professional tools, of course, intended for professional work, they have a great resource and are designed for continuous operating time - the entire shift. This group of instruments made of more expensive materials, hence their price. Accordingly, the Amateur suggest a smaller scope of work, their life is less and the price is lower. Professional tools can be used and to a lesser extent within your country site or apartments. Large manufacturers, for example, the firm Black & Decker and produce professional and amateur tools. The first group of tools available under the brand DeWalt, her signature color - yellow (psychologically conducive to enhancing attention at work), a group of amateur instruments go under the name Black & Decker, corporate color - the blue-green. Particular attention is paid to the use of hand tools safety. To this end, provides for various types of protection. Firstly, the additional lock button. In order to enable the tool, you must first click the lock button, and then to "Start" button. If you accidentally click on "start" protection tripped.
Protect against electric arc can be!
In recent years, Russia has seen a significant increase in energy production and consumption. If in 2002 was generated 895 billion kWh by 2010, experts predict will be produced to 995 billion kWh of electricity: more nearly 100 billion kilowatt-hours Maintenance of electrical appliances, facilities and equipment available in abundance in any enterprise engaged in electrical engineering staff. Today in Russia there is a steady need for specialists of this profile. At the same time all the more acute becomes the problem of ensuring appropriate protection of this category of employees. According to the Model industry standards free issue of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment to employees of organizations of the Electricity Industry "(Resolution № 54 of 04.26.2004, the Ministry of Labour of Russia), are cross-cutting and spreading its effects on all industries, the electrical staff enterprises include: electricians for maintenance of electrical power; electricians repair and maintenance of electrical equipment, electricians operative visiting teams, electricians to repair overhead power lines, electricians, operating distribution networks, electricians repair and installation of cable lines; electrician to repair the equipment of distribution devices; electricians main control room stations; electricians-lineyschiki installation of high voltage overhead lines and contact network. For any member of the above professions to wear suits to protect against electric arc thermal factors and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment is mandatory.
Spetsobnova for builders
One of the most popular specialties in any enterprise, and the construction in particular, was and remains a profession of welding. A good specialist in this area highly valued because of the quality of its work depends directly on the rate of construction of buildings and erection of structures, and thus the work of those who are behind welders and fitters. The employee, wearing a high-quality clothing and footwear, competently using modern means of individual protection - an ideal to which many companies now seek. Outfit welder - a special subject. It needs a special design of jackets, pants, shoes, where sparks from welding and hot slag can not stay on the surface for a long time to get between the parts of clothing or shoes. Therefore, the front of the jacket welder never patch pockets. They are placed inside the entrances to them are hidden in relief or side seams. Flat is central and zip jacket. No less important is a reliable eye protection, skin, respiratory and hands. How it all began once all began with an ordinary canvas tarp costume ... or half-linen canvas - a material with low thermal conductivity, hardly heated by exposure to high temperatures. Treated special fireproof impregnation, it is able to withstand brief exposure to hot metal (oxide). For a long time welders used canvas suits and put up with them with some inconveniences: rough linen cloth to the skin and in the process is in no hurry to repeat the curves of the human body, treatment has a specific smell.
That hands were not golden
Dermatological - protective and cleansing creams, pastes, emulsions, gels - products to be widely used in Russian firms recently: what some 30-20 years ago. During this period of protection, the application was previously considered almost bad manners (among workers in the "fashion" then were rough calloused hands), it has become for many a means of basic necessities during the labor process. Wash hands after handling soap as the best and most reliable way to wash off any dirt, slowly but surely receding into the past: gradually in the culture of Russia use to protect and cleanse the skin of modern high-quality assets. If during the work process the employee because of the specificity of production can not take advantage of special gloves (if you want to preserve the work of sensitivity of fingers, for example), to safeguard the skin it should use protective, cleaning and rejuvenating creams. Today, many enterprises are becoming a requirement which is included in the list of safety rules and standards of employees. The main factors that are most dangerous to human skin in the process, is considered to be the following: the impact of aggressive substances by exposure to toxic substances, the impact of falling or rising temperatures, moisture, wind effects, mechanical effects. The process of comprehensive protection of the skin from any of them, giving the greatest effect, consists of three steps: protection - cleaning - care. For each of the stages has its own cosmetics.
Sunday, July 10, 2011
At the construction site
Olga Ilyina from heat, electricity, shock, and pinching, disruption from the heights, from exposure to toxic fumes when painting, welding of products - from all that the builder must protect the clothing, footwear and PPE. Building organizations that care about creating normal conditions for their workers, must include all of these remedies in the estimate. There is a standard business kit - jumpsuit (or pants) with a jacket, work boots, gloves. But, while working clothes are often aspires to universality, yet the differences in the garb of workers of different construction specialties are. Let's try to roughly classify the "building costumes" depending on their destination. The costume includes a mason, except overalls (or trousers) and jackets, helmets mandatory availability and high on the ankle boots of coarse leather sole, to which did not stick to the solution. Mittens should reliably protect the hands from abrasions, which offers longer-lasting and durable gloves: canvas or cotton canvas with palm, spilkovye. Clothing Painter - again this jacket and trousers, plus a beret, cap or scarf, cotton and rubber gloves. In cases where the supposed "wet" process of plaster, it is better to use the clothes are made of waterproof fabric with the addition of synthetics. Generally, it is desirable to wear painters made from fabrics with water-repellent and oil repellent impregnations. For respiratory protection against corrosive and noxious fumes in almost all cases, you must use a respirator.
Slipped and fell - gypsum
Injuries and falls from heights in Russia and Europe, the U.S. and China are second only to accidents. Paradoxically, according to statistics, most injuries occur when falling from ladders, ie, from a height of not more than 2 m. Knowledge of the basics of protection and insurance against a fall, the ability to use these tools allows many cases to avoid the drop, or reduce the likelihood of injury. In conducting research among people who survived the drop, it was found a curious pattern: none of the respondents could not remember what led to the fall. This suggests that the process of decline is very fast and have time to react and stop it is impossible, so you need to consider in advance the likelihood of accident and take all precautionary measures: use the individual and collective protection equipment (PPE) from falling from heights. Most often, consumers like the PPE are building an organization. But at other companies during any work at height, this type of PPE is needed, in particular: during the construction and maintenance of power lines and communications, with the construction and maintenance of television towers, radio lines, towers, boiler, pipes for construction of bridges, when viewed from the wells, tanks and other containers, while washing windows in high rise buildings, with rescue work and in industrial and sport climbing, etc. Than the risk of falls from height? In addition to the damage of various body parts and internal organs during the fall of the walls, structural elements, floor space or land due to shock, the victim, caught on clothing or part of the equipment for anything that may be in an uncomfortable position, which allows compression of the thorax and shortness of breath.
Overalls. What you should know
It's no secret that the clothes are very affects well-being. Although the requirements for her at everyone. Someone enough comfort, the other is ready to put up with any inconvenience for the pleasure to show off in fashionable new clothes. Quite different is the question when it comes to clothes. Responsibility assigned to it, much more, respectively, and choose it must be thoroughly than daily. Regardless of what kind of activities he engaged in and how dangerous production per worker in some degree influenced by a variety of adverse external factors: weather, mechanical, chemical, physical, biological. Therefore, special purpose clothing plays a paramount role. Already in the title incorporated the specific requirements for it. Overalls must ensure safety, protect against harmful factors, maintain a normal functional state of man, his performance during all working hours. In other words, on how successfully solved the problem of supply of personnel needed clothing and other personal protection, depends on many things, including the most valuable - the life and health. In recent years, a host of small and large companies offering services in manufacturing various kinds of garments for special purposes. However, products do not always meet the accepted standards of safety and quality. Try to understand what constitutes appropriate clothing in the present. First of all, the main difference today is to provide special clothing is not 3-5 and over 10 protective properties. These are complex complete products intended for use in all climatic zones of Russia and the CIS, the seasonal conditions with temperature of 60 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees, protect from sunlight and sea water, various aggressive factors in industrial production and the elimination of effects of man-made disasters.
Saturday, July 9, 2011
The workplace should be safe
Galina Timofeeva Sheveleva-Since it is a profession often have to discuss issues concerning the construction, repair or production materials. Just recently, the familiar (with medical education) is very emotionally told of how in her apartment, put the tile in the bathroom: "You can not imagine what a dust veil was! As it is impossible. They are the same in 5 years will have asthma, and will be disabled! "The second example, a terrible and tragic. In April 2007, at the center of Chelyabinsk, in the dismantling of the building walls without special tools and without complying with TB, large debris was littered with the young worker. Exodus - lethal. Unfortunately, even with today's advanced technologies, workplace safety issue date, and not only in Russia. Think about the figures: each year in the world kills more than 2 million people, resulting in injuries and illnesses, received at the workplace, about 2 trillion. rub. Russia loses because of the disability population, acquired in the workplace. Under these conditions, many entrepreneurs are betting not only on profit growth and rising incomes, and the preservation of working age qualified personnel. Policies of many companies provide training and professional development of staff. So why not include an item aimed at preserving the health and lives, provide adequate PPE (personal protective equipment)? Developed system of labor protection in the country, one of the characteristics of a stable, growing economy. Compliance with occupational safety requirements for construction and operation of buildings, facilities and equipment standards and regulated by the Terms and Conditions are required by law ..
Staircase - the oldest building element
George Rostov staircase is probably one of the most ancient and necessary building blocks has occurred during the earliest settlements. Gigantic staircase seen the Tower of Babel. Stairs are built into the pyramids and ancient temples. Mighty knights castles and palaces of eastern rulers like pierced stairs - then masterpieces of architectural art. Unfortunately, concrete stairs in urban high-rise homes with works of art can not be named. They are simple and strictly functional - as though there was no Renaissance, Classicism, Art Nouveau ... However, those who today took to arrange their living environment to your liking, the owners of luxury duplex apartments, private houses and cottages, even when the device stairs may well exercise their aesthetic sense, imagination, taste, understanding of design and materials. Today stairs lead us not only into the sky, but in ordinary bedrooms, living rooms, pool, or winter gardens. Who's supposed to explain what a ladder? It seems all so know it. However, actually represent, how to construct stairs, what are the alternatives, yet to many people. Individual developers, to talk with architects and builders, the buyer of two-level luxury suites, the owner of the old apartments on the top floor reshivshemusya for the construction of the attic, the happy owner of two stations located one above the other apartments, who dreams to combine them in a common residential complex. As architects and builders are dependent on the customer, who is always right, that inevitably will have the most insight into the logic, design and technical parameters.
Accompanying materials for wood processing
Vitaly Lviv When working with wood should not forget about the additional hardware and other devices for wood processing, which will be discussed in this material. Miter box is a kind of trough, consisting of three boards. The two boards should be shot down based on exactly parallel to each other, and the angle between the base and sides must be exactly 45 degrees. On the sides of the miter box made a few special cuts at a certain angle, and their number must be the same one on the other side. Line on one side must go to the other, so that was convenient to saw a board at a certain angle. Most often, the walls are made of cut 2.3: at 45 degrees to 90 degrees and 60 degrees. The last of them is rare. Miter box is used to accelerate the process of cutting boards at a certain angle. To this end, the board must be put between the parties, miter box, and press it to the far side. Now you can begin to sawn boards. Templates are used for rapid marking of parts that are used when mounting. Reusable templates made of thin solid material such as plywood, fiberboard, or tin. Pins are wooden nails from the hardwood olistvennyh rocks. Most-pins are used for strengthening the connections in the window frames and framed greenhouse, when fixing the parts for a frame under glass. Before scoring peg into the timber is required to drill a hole in an array of suitable size, making it a little deeper than the length of a wooden peg. Then, to avoid cracked timber after driving a nail otshkurte and rounded dowel from all sides.
Secrets of working with wood
There are several methods of working wood. To complete each of them requires a certain set of tools and possession of a certain set of knowledge. Therefore, in this paper we describe how to perform certain types of joinery and carpentry, as well as reveal some secrets of professional skill. Let's start with the first, relatively simple operations. For example, tesaniya wood, which is only used in the processing of ridges, plates and quarters. This method of treatment is to separate the bark from solid wood. The main tool used in this paper is an ax. All of the axes are directed from top to bottom around the trunk. In this case, the ax blade should not penetrate deep into the bark, so as not to damage the wood itself. As you work together with the bark should chop and protruding knots, thereby maximizing prepare wood for further processing. A next step is sawing wood. In mechanical sawing logs and boards can get plates of varying degrees of quality. With the help of this technique can be obtained from the board to make certain parts. Meanwhile, the second way of cutting can be performed on the workbench at home. Depending on how much fat is selected solid wood, will need to choose one or the other saw. Depending on how the workpiece is mounted on a workbench, depends used when working sawmill reception. If you fix the workpiece on the bench horizontally and the saw while at right angles relative to the most part, then such a technique is called horizontal. In this case, place cut should be a few go beyond the surface of the bench, so that when the work does not damage the board, and the procedure itself will be much easier.
Stapler instead of a hammer. Perfect binding pistols
There are many ways of fixing to wooden structures. Previously, upholstery work was done mainly with a hammer and small nails. However, this workaround is not always good, especially if you do a lot of work. For these purposes it is necessary to use a stapler. Stapler - this is a very handy tool, it can be used to quickly and easily upholster new cloth chair or sofa, to sheathe wall decorative panels, etc. In order to hammer one nail takes several blows with a hammer. Working with a stapler, it is only necessary to press lightly on the arm of starter, and a nail hammered at one time. True, ordinary nails to it will not do, need special nails, rods, or clips that are only used in a stapler and sold in almost every "building" a shop or market. The length of the staples and nails can be from 6 to 23 mm. Staplers are manually or electrically operated. And they both operate on the same principle - after pressing the lever is activated spring-loaded hammer mechanism, first spring is stretched, and then when you release the handle, decompressed, allowing the drummer to hammer staples or nails into a tree. Staplers electrically operated perform this operation automatically: to bring the mechanism of action, quite a bit to press the lever. Rate of professional staplers can reach up to 60, and household up to 20 beats per minute. In accordance with the problem and the appearance of staplers are divided into three categories: regular, cable and Hammertoe. Generally intended for bonding flat materials and consumables used as flat staples or nails.