Protection against noise

Noise - is an integral part of everyday life. The maximum permissible noise level, no adverse health effects, is 80 dB. The most obvious consequence of prolonged noise exposure is the reduction of auditory activity. With an average of 55-70 dB hearing may decline after 5 years, and at rates of over 80 decibels - a year later. Effects of exposure to noise on the human body can be very different character, ranging from fatigue and insomnia, ending with a visual impairment, and vestibular apparatus. The main direction of the fight against the negative health effects is to reduce the noise level in those places where people spend most of their time: at work (in the office or at work) and at home. In 2003 he was put into effect a new snip "Protection from noise", which set the permissible sound pressure levels, as well as the requirements for sound insulation of buildings and facilities of various types. In addition, in 1997 in Moscow, was adopted by the SNIP 2.04-97 "Acceptable levels of noise, vibration, and the requirements for sound insulation in residential and public buildings, which presented an even more stringent regulations, especially given the million-metropolis. In addition to these documents, the conditions required to perform in relation to sound insulation in construction determines CH 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 "Noise in the workplace, in residential, public buildings and in residential areas." Required performance level of noise for the administrative, industrial and residential buildings can be achieved by using modern technologies and effective soundproofing material. Consider the aspects of sound insulation of various types of buildings and premises in more detail. Soundproofing industrial premises According SNiP 23-03-2003 "Protection against noise" its main source in the industry is technological and engineering equipment. In this struggle requires both air and with the structure, including the impact noise. Work on soundproofing industrial building begins at the stage of its design. It is important that areas with high noise levels were grouped and located separately from other parts of the building. A major role in protection against airborne noise is the location of the equipment, which is its source, such as compressors, which are considered one of the "noisy" types of equipment. The most favorable is installed in the center of the room. In this case, the next will be only one reflecting surface - the floor. When installing equipment at a wall, it will also reflect sound waves and noise will increase. This principle applies to protect against structural noise and vibration, with the only difference being that the equipment must not touch the walls of the room. Most often arrange equipment correctly is not enough; machines - sound sources over 70-80 dB require additional soundproofing. One of the most effective solutions to the problem is the use of sound-insulating covers. They are usually made of fibrous materials, and skeleton are thin perforated metal panels. Design should be simple and easy assembly-disassembly and provide free access to the equipment. It is also necessary to provide an opening for feeding cooling air to the power unit and the duct for removal of heated air. In addition to the openings necessary for operation, the design should avoid gaps, which greatly reduces the insulating ability of the enclosure. Due to the nature of various kinds of industrial equipment, the use of soundproofing enclosure may not universally: for protection from the noise it is not enough. Therefore there is a need for soundproofing of the premises. To this end, the walls are sheathed with sound-absorbing materials. The effectiveness of insulation depends on the type of material used and its thickness. According to experts, the most effective are fibrous materials, which, thanks to its structure, missing only a small percentage of noise. An example of such materials - wool and stone wool. Thermal insulation of mineral wool, due to the high sound absorption coefficient (99%), used for soundproofing the premises of any type. In addition, it is non-flammable, environmentally friendly and resistant to aggressive environments. For example, plates ROCKWOOL ACOUSTICS BATTS ™ density 40 kg/m3, used for veneer production facilities, provide sound absorption up to 60 dB, depending on the thickness of the material. Protecting the operators from airborne noise machines that generate noise above 100 dB is often used soundproof cabin surveillance and remote control. Frame cabin often made of brick or metal and is coated with sound-absorbing tiles. Specifics of the design requires a large area of ??glazing, which would allow the operator to observe the process occurring in an adjacent room. Ordinary glass in this case does not provide the required level of insulation. The solution is to use double-glazed windows with noise protection properties. A good example - the windows are made on the "Triplex". They consist of two or more laminated glass, connected by means of acoustic PVB substrate. This glass provides sound absorption up to 40 dB, and, moreover, has a resistance characteristics. Given the location of equipment so as to avoid its direct contact with the walls, the primary measure of protection from structural (impact) noise is a device "floating floor". The essence of the solution lies in the fact that the externally visible flooring (concrete, asphalt) in which equipment is installed, rests on a layer of soundproofing material, and in no way connected with the frame of the building and from the walls of a floating floor is separated by elastic pads. In the role of the insulating material to create a floating floor is most commonly used thermal insulation of mineral wool, which combines a high absorption coefficient and the ability to carry a heavy load, while retaining its original shape. The most efficient stoves, specially designed for use in designs with significant weight-bearing, for example, ROCKWOOL FLOOR BATTS ™ and the density about 160 kg/m3. Sound insulation of residential and office space techniques, methods and technologies of sound insulation of residential and office buildings are generally similar, as determined by the same source of noise. The main SNiP 23-03-2003 "Protection against noise distinguishes transport streams, railway, waterway and air transport, industrial and energy enterprises and their individual machines, as well as intra noise sources. The latter includes transformer substations, central heating stations, shopping courtyards shops, sports and playgrounds, etc. All the above mentioned noise sources are external, so you first need to consider ways of soundproofing building envelope of residential and administrative buildings. Building material used for construction of exterior walls of multi-story frame building, while delivering high performance sound absorption is a honeycombed concrete. In addition to the construction of new buildings blocks of cellular concrete are widely used in Europe and the U.S. for the reconstruction of old buildings, especially if you need additional heat and sound insulation of building envelopes. An example of the material are the blocks of cellular concrete autoclaved Beston, which provide sound insulation to 58 dB, which eliminates the need for additional insulation of external walls of buildings. In recent years, due to simplicity, quality and reliability to address the problems of heat and sound insulation of office and apartment buildings, widely facade systems. According to experts, the most high insulation characteristics are based on the latest insulation from stone wool. Such a system, among other things, provides additional sound insulation enclosing structure of 15 dB. In conjunction with sound insulation of external walls as thick as two bricks, this gives a 75 dB sound insulation. This indicator is quite enough to fully protect the room from the noise of a busy highway, which runs 10 meters from the building. In addition to soundproofing walls from external noise sources, you must also protect the doors and windows. High performance sound absorption have fire doors. They differ from the ordinary by the presence of synthetic insulation filler. For example, the doors of German company Hermann filled with mineral wool have a sound-proof performance up to 45 dB. Their installation is most appropriate in the case where a door leads into the street. Given the fact that the level of an access noise, usually below street in a residential premises is quite possible to manage the installation of soundproof doors, which guarantees the sound absorption in the region of 26 dB. For example, the Finnish Suomen Ovi doors have a multi-layer structure: the inside is a sheet of particle board (wood-stove struzhkovaya), isolated from both sides sound insulating film, and the outside layers of decorative veneer chipboard. This design is able to detain 30 dB. Reliable soundproofing windows and office accommodation can be provided with modern glass. High-absorbing characteristics (for example, plastic windows REHAU «Etalon" depending on the thickness of the profile are able to provide sound insulation to 46 dB) ensures multi-chamber structure, as well as a continuous loop seal. In addition, the glass may be covered with sound-insulating film, and the space between them is filled with inert gas. To create a comfortable acoustic background is not enough protection of residential or office space on external sources of noise: we need sound proofing that protects against air and structural noise sources which are located inside the building. For apartments it could be neighbors, for office - a colleague or office equipment. It is important soundproofing all surfaces: interior partitions, doors, floor and ceiling of the room. Widespread in the building recently received the interior walls with a frame made of metal profiles, edged out sheets of drywall. They are lightweight, easy to install and economical. However, this design has one major drawback: a person in an adjacent room, will hear everything going on in the room and vice versa. To create an effective sound insulation of walls between rackmount frame profiles installed layer of fibrous sound-proofing material. Thanks to those already mentioned in the article properties, efficient rock wool insulation. So frame partitions, trimmed on each side of one sheet of drywall thickness of 12,5 mm with plates ROCKWOOL ACOUSTICS BATTS ™ 100 mm, has an index of 51 dB sound insulation. Technology soundproofing floor residential and office spaces involves the lining of insulating material beneath the outer surface of the floor, such as parquet or ceramic tiles. In the form of substrate is best to use rigid mineral wool, is not susceptible to deformation and shrinkage. At the same sex should not be associated with the walls of the room. To this end, in places of contiguity is desirable to leave a gap up to 20 mm, and fill it with thick sound-proof material. This design will serve as a protection against the spread of structural noise. No less a role in protection against noise in the office and residential premises has a ceiling. You can mount the absorbent material directly on the slab floor decks. This design is called an acoustic ceiling. For finishing of residential and office buildings often use suspended ceilings. In addition to aesthetic appearance, they have good soundproofing properties. For example, French tension ceilings NEWMAT have an index of sound insulation 38 dB. We should not forget about the isolation of utilities: water heating pipes and water supply. To do this in areas where communications pass through walls or floors, use elastic sleeve, made predominantly of polyethylene. They compensate for temperature deformation: where it passes through the tube design does not occur and the stress is no formation of cross-slits, to facilitate the transfer of air noise. Summing up, it should be noted that the noise has on the human body adverse effects that can lead to serious consequences, up to the development of serious diseases of the nervous system. Therefore, caring for the acoustic ecology of the places where one spends almost all his time, is an objective necessity. Soundproofing of industrial, office and residential premises requires an integrated approach and use of modern efficient materials - acoustic comfort can not be achieved by half measures.