Modern insulation materials

To avoid these problems may be using in the construction of cottage or apartment repair quality thermal insulation materials. Lack of benefit in such "thermal insulating materials" in the St. Petersburg construction market today do not. The main thing - to choose from existing varieties most suitable material, and then correctly apply it. Thus, modern insulation materials used in housing construction, can be divided into several types: mineral (mineral wool and fiberglass), polystyrene (Styrofoam pellets, foam and extruded polystyrene) and foamed polyethylene. We consider each of them a little more. Glass fiber Glass fiber is produced as follows. Raw materials - quartz sand - is fed into the melting blowers gas stove, where melts at 1500 ° C, turning into molten glass. Then this mass falls into the bowl tsentrifugovalnoy machine operating on the principle of a spray. Bowl with a lot of holes with diameter 4.5 microns, and rotate with great speed. Due to centrifugal force the liquid glass flies through the hole and converted into glass fibers. They sprayed binders and oils, contributing to the strengthening of the material structure and bonding of its smallest particles. Then the wool on the conveyor enters the chamber of polymerization, where it is processed by hot air at 200-230 ° C. Expert opinion Alexander Zhuravlev head of working with a private client "Center of Building Technologies" URSA "Glass is available in the form of mats (rolled up), and plates. Plate covered with a glass-manufacturing process, used in systems of ventilated facades of buildings, as glass fiber provides the windscreen, not allowing the heat from the body of eroding heater. The main difference between mats of panels - the ability to install insulation on a large area without gaps, ie, reducing the number of joints between insulating materials. Why is it considered an advantage? Thus, one can significantly reduce the probability of penetration of cold air between the plates (via the so-called "cold bridges"). Insulation material has excellent water vapor permeability, ie "Breathe" by not allowing moisture to build up inside, which, respectively, increases the longevity of the building. The last step necessary to obtain the required qualities - handling material in the furnace. After she finished glass wool cut, given the dimensions. Additionally, the surface of a heater in the production process can hang a variety of materials, giving those fiberglass or other properties, such as: aluminum foil, glass fiber, nonwoven materials, etc. (For example, cover the foil material can be used to isolate basement floors, as the foil acts as a windshield). Fiberglass, unlike wool - quite a resilient material. The length of its fiber - about 15 cm, while the length of stone wool is typically less than 1.5 cm increased the elasticity of glass fiber can carry it in rolls at a considerable distance, easily stored at construction sites - when opening the package material rapidly returns to the original parameters. Heat insulating materials made of fiberglass - good sound insulator, as they have a fibrous structure and well absorb sound. In addition, they possess a high chemical resistance, hygroscopic. Due to processing special structures, thermal insulation of fiberglass discourages pests, and on its surface never formed mold. Heat insulating fiberglass used mainly for Utepov lenii so-called unloaded designs (pitched roof, ventilated facades, etc.). Yet they are used in floor construction to lag, ceilings, basements, floors, interior walls. Due to the high compressibility and elasticity of fiberglass insulation is particularly useful for warming inaccessible places, sites of conjugation of structural elements. The St. Petersburg market of fiberglass insulation is represented mainly by companies LLC URSA Eurasia, part of the Spanish construction group Uralita (insulation materials are marketed under the trademark URSA Glasswool), and Isover Oy (Finland, a subsidiary of the largest and oldest manufacturer of glass in world - the French group Saint-Gobain. «Mountain" wool mineral wool - the fibrous insulation material made from a melt of basaltic rock at a temperature of about 15000 ° C. The main advantages of mineral wool insulation - incombustibility (the material can withstand temperatures up to 10000 ° C, do not melt ), high thermal insulation capacity, good water vapor permeability (moisture evaporates, not accumulating in the thickness of insulation), resistance to temperature changes and the effects of water (to improve water repellency apply water-repellent), the absolute environmental impact. The use of mineral wool insulation in the floor further advantage of such materials - slight shrinkage and, consequently, preserving the original geometric dimensions for the entire period of operation of construction (temperature deformation is virtually absent). This can avoid "cold bridges" that inevitably arise in the expansion joints in the case of movements of insulation panels. The use of mineral wool enables not only to preserve the house warm, but also the quality soundproofing the premises. The material significantly reduces the risk of standing sound waves within the enclosing structure, thereby improving the insulation from airborne noise. In addition, sound-absorbing properties of wool greatly accelerate "damping" of acoustic waves. Finally, mineral wool insulation is extremely easy to install. The soft ware is easy to cut with a knife, and more dense - a hacksaw. Convenient and shape of the finished products: the consumer wool comes in the form of flexible or rigid plates (depending on the application) or sewed mats. insulating mineral products primenyutsya systems external warming "wet" type, as insulating layer in ventilated facades and facades of plaster coating, as well as for the insulation of pitched and flat roofs. Russia's leading manufacturer of insulation materials made of mineral wool is ZAO "Mineral wool". In addition, such products offer the Chelyabinsk plant Aksi (since 2003 part of the company TechnoNIKOL "), Kolpinsky firm Izotek and others on the market are widely used as materials of the foreign producers: Paroc (Finland), Rockwool (Denmark), etc . What a beast of styrofoam? polystyrene (foam) - polymeric material, raw material which is harmless environmentally safe substance - Styrene. styrene molecules are composed of oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. They do not contain chlorine and other halogens, so the expansion of polystyrene are produced only non-hazardous health matter, the same as in the decomposition of wood - water and carbon dioxide. In the production of Styrofoam is not used binders. Raw materials are processed under high temperature and pressure due to the sintering of granules with each other. Here, however, it is necessary to make a reservation: the quality of the product largely depends on what kind of technological equipment used in its manufacture. Mineral wool insulation is used to "puff" Styrofoam structures with low water absorption, good insulating properties and high-density surface layer is obtained by only the most modern equipment, Kojima own, as a rule, only market leaders insulation materials (on producers talk later.) EPS is chemically resistant, not rot and decay, does not change its properties for decades (even with multiple effects of alternating temperatures). as insulation foam board used in the systems of external warming " wet "type, in systems with insulation on the inside of the enclosing structure, systems with a heater inside the enclosing structure. use it for insulation wall panels, floors, basements, roofs. By the way, are made of Styrofoam insulation and facade panels, representing a three-layer design of two layers of polystyrene and the middle layer of polystyrene foam. Similar products manufactures, in particular, the Yugoslav company Simpro "(trade mark" Simprolit "). In contrast to the facade insulation systems that use mineral wool or expanded polystyrene boards, plastered on the grid, followed by trim plate "Simprolit" ready to finish immediately after attachment to the front. And the original finish (primer, putty) can be performed before installation. Most high-quality polystyrene represented in Russia by several factories of KNAUF (Russia), as well as production plants "Mosstroyplastmass "and" Mosstroy-31. There is no limit to perfection as raw material for extruded polystyrene is a regular granulated expanded polystyrene (foam). In the course of processing it is mixed with various ingredients, the strength and reducing flammability of the material. Then, in a homogeneous mass under pressure is the foaming agent (eg , carbon dioxide). The result is a material formed from small non-communicating with each other gas-filled cells with zero capillarity and not leaking water, and its vapors. Closed cell structure provides a slight change in thermal conductivity in a humid environment that allows you to successfully apply extruded polystyrene as the outer insulation in basements without the use of waterproofing materials. extruded polystyrene easy to process (well-cut, easy to fit using a simple knife) and simple to install. Working with him is possible in all weather conditions. High thermal performance of extruded polystyrene foam can use it for insulation walling, building facades, "wet" type with subsequent deposition on the insulating plate of plaster or other coating materials, insulation of foundations, walls, basements and underground structures, the internal insulation of walls, insulation of buildings from the inside (including insulating floors over cold basement ). The shops of the city sells extruded polystyrene The U.S. company Dow Chemical Co (trademark Styrofoam), German BASF AG (trademark Styrodur), Austrian Austrotherm XPS, LLC URSA Eurasia (line materials URSA XPS). House in PE polyethylene foam (in the market better known as Isolon) is unique because it provides heat, hydro and sound simultaneously. An important feature - the possibility of composition with different coefficients of foam that provides a different density and expands the range of material in construction. Isolon low density typically used in foundations, dividing walls, insulation walls of cottages, garden houses, garages, lodges, pipes for hot and cold water, etc. Isolon high density is used as heat, hydro and soundproof padding in the floor, sealing joints prefabricated buildings , log cabins, insulation of windows, etc. Available Isolon and metallic coating. Thanks to the reflecting properties of the foil, it keeps the indoor infrared rays, it can be used in saunas, bathhouses, systems, floor heating. The material is easily mounted: soldered , glued, fixed furniture staples and construction tape. It comes in rolls up to 200 m thickness from 2 to 12 mm, a width of 0,55 m to 1,5 m, and in sheets sizes 1.4 x 2, 0 m thickness of 15 mm. Depending on the technology of production Isolon is stitched and non-crosslinked. The latter refers to foamed polyethylene having unrelated molecular structure (molecules have a chemical bond). When it is received polyethylene structure is not changed, but the production of crosslinked Isolon - modified . form so-called cross-linked molecular model. Due to this increased heat resistance (operating temperature range of cross-linked Isolon, usually at 20-300 ° C higher than that of uncrosslinked), resistance to organic solvents, UV and weather resistance, and thus extended the life of the material. Used stitched Isolon as insulating layer between the carrier part of the wall and inside decorative trim, between the right sides of wall partitions, and also is an elastic udarozvukoizoliruyuschey layer between the base floor and screed to the construction of a floating floor or between the screed and floor covering.