Solar panels

There are currently a variety of energy industry can be characterized by type of use of energy: nuclear, coal, gas, oil, hydro, wind, geothermal, biomass, wave and tidal, temperature gradient, solar. Comparing these industries on several factors: economic, environmental, resource, and also on safety, it can be concluded that solar energy as a long-term perspective, is one of paramount importance. Ratings of the direct social costs of harmful effects of traditional power plants, including disease and reduced life span of people, payment of medical care, loss in production, yield reduction, forest restoration and repair of buildings through pollution of air, water and soil, provide value add about 75% to the existing world market prices for fuel and energy. Essentially, it costs society as a whole - an "environmental tax" which is already implicit, and very long paying citizens of their health and personal expenses for the imperfection of power plants, and this "tax" to finally be realized by all people. Solar energy is actually delivered in three days on the territory of Russia, the energy exceeds the entire annual output of electricity in our country. In addition, solar energy has very little peers on environmental and resource base. Raw materials for the production of solar cells - ordinary sand. However, to get out of it and of highly light-sensitive silicon requires rather expensive manufacturing processes. Thorough cleaning of the sand and get out of it a single crystal (or polycrystalline) silicon are the most costly parts of their production. Solar cells that convert sunlight into electricity, are made of monocrystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous silicon. Elements based on amorphous silicon the cheapest, but they have little power and little life. However, preparations based on these 20-watt battery is enough to recharge the battery of mini-pump in a pond or a small fan. If the need for greater energy output, then use the battery with the elements of crystalline silicon. Today they are two types: - the older generation of single-crystal silicon. They are cut from the quartz plates. External sign: uniformly black and gray surface - the current generation of elements of polycrystalline silicon, which are cheaper, are manufactured by casting and consist of a set of related crystals. External sign: uneven iridescent blue surface. The largest of the commercially produced polycrystalline element has a size of only 10x10 cm Both types of disk-shaped elements have a thickness of 0.4 mm. Solar power is constantly increasing. Currently, the most powerful batteries are the elements of polycrystalline silicon, having a degree of efficiency of 15-16%. For comparison, the modern motor car has a degree of efficiency of around 23%. And as you know, all the rest (77%) goes into the environment as heat and exhaust fumes. In assessing the economic efficiency of solar cells should also take into account the fact that they have for the life do not require operating costs and capital are no power lines are inherently a source of autonomous power. And all this without polluting the environment. From silicon cells are gaining modules and the modules already collect solar battery, which, in turn, is a sun power (ready for operation unit). Each element is pressed into sturdy plastic or glass disk enclosure, of which gain different power and size of modules, resembling honeycombs. This robust package protects items from moisture and mechanical damage on all sides and allows them to operate in harsh climatic conditions for years without any maintenance. Depending on the electricity needs of the various modules are gaining on the working area of ??solar panels. The design of the solar battery and its circuit is very simple. All its modules are mounted on special racks or stable attach directly to the roof of a house, car trailers, etc. In our latitudes, stationary solar panels show the maximum power at the orientation to the south at an angle of 45 ° to the horizontal. Solar panels can be used in different ways: - Directly connected to the electric consumer, who works only during daylight hours. This is the simplest principle of the use of batteries. It is practical and optimal for the fountain pump in a pond or a fan who only need a sunny day - electricity, the accumulated 12-volt battery, can be used for lamps, radios, televisions and other appliances. To make the battery life is not shortened because of his deep discharge, the circuit includes a voltage regulator sun power - from solar panels to power the appliances and power tools that run on alternating current of 220 V, at the station include inverter unit for converting the current. Acquisition of the inverter makes sense if the electricity is solar used in household appliances. Thus, the use of solar energy is a very promising power. Environmentally friendly, renewable resources, the absence of costs for the repair of PV modules for at least the first 30 years of service and in the future - lowering the cost relative to traditional methods of generating electricity - all the strengths of the solar energy industry.