Take care of the heat in the summer!

Zoe Dydynskaya Maybe someone will seem strange that on the eve of the summer we talked about this aspect of housing, as thermal insulation. But remember that "to prepare the sleigh (in our case - to insulate the house) is needed in the summer. Then, warm and comfortable you will be all year round. Use of thermal insulation in construction is evident. It allows you to reduce the thickness of walling (walls, roof), to reduce the consumption of basic building materials (brick, concrete, wood), to facilitate construction and reduce their cost, as well as reduce consumption of energy (fuel) in the maintenance period. If the relatively recent past has been known only one way of insulating homes - covering glass wool, but today, a device insulation abound. Varieties of these methods depend primarily on the materials that are used for this purpose. The task of each of the householder - to determine the type of insulation material (TIM), the optimum for each home construction. To do this try to understand that the house needed to insulate, as well as the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of TIM. With warm? Identify ways in which heat leaves the house, it is extremely important for the rational use of heaters. Experts believe that through walls and windows lost more than half of the heat, still about 20% - through the roof and about 10% of the heat "goes into the ground," that is lost through the basement. Therefore, to reduce heat losses to the minimum possible only through an integrated approach to insulation, which implies establishment of an integrated protective termoobolochki around the house construction. This envelope must necessarily include insulation in contact with the soil foundation design, as well as external insulation of building envelope - walls and roof. the foundation walls play a major role in energy saving and long-term operation of homes. Therefore, at the design stage need to consider the unit of heat and waterproofing, drainage, and mechanical protection of the exterior walls of basements. rationale is solid outer insulation of the basement, which creates long-lasting protection against mechanical and thermal effects. facade of the building can be warmed in three ways: the inner insulation, outer insulation and the insulation within the construction wall. Preference is usually given to the outer facade insulation systems, as, firstly, it allows you to save valuable floor space, and secondly, there is no need to engage the device vapor barrier and air gap, preventing condensation of water vapor. facade thermal insulation system is isolated following groups: light plaster systems insulation, heavy plaster systems, facade systems kolodtsevoy brickwork and three-layer system, as well as ventilated facades design. In light of plaster systems, insulation plate is fixed to the wall with glue and dowels, then covered with a thin layer of plaster. The total thickness layers must not exceed 15 mm. In heavy plaster board systems insulation material is attached with reinforcing mesh and anchors. thickness of the layers after the heater can reach 50 mm. facade systems kolodtsevoy brickwork and the so-called three-layer insulation systems located within the building envelope. As the first layer performs the internal load bearing wall, whose thickness is determined by the requirements of strength. The second layer - is lagging, its thickness depends on the thermal requirements. And the third (front) layer protects the insulation from external influences. These facade systems are inexpensive and therefore widespread. ventilated facade systems similar to kolodtsevuyu masonry with an air gap, but instead uses an external wall facing materials (boards or sheet material). The heat insulating material attached to the wall with a load-bearing frame and anchors. Such a system facade insulation provides ventilation of the inner layers and the removal of moisture, protects the walls and insulation material from external influences, improves the appearance of the walls and extends the use of thermal insulation up to 50 years. The use of thermal insulation for roof allows you to convert attic space into a living, which increases the usable area of ??housing. And the insulation of the roof of trapezoidal sheet metal to prevent condensation on the surface in the cold year. Properties insulation materials Thermal insulation materials must have certain properties that successfully retain heat in the building over the long term. The main property, which must have a MIT - is the low ability to conduct heat, respectively, characterized by a low value of thermal conductivity. TIM should have a low hygroscopicity and low water absorption (hygroscopic - absorbing properties of materials steam, water absorption - the property to absorb drip liquid water). IMT should be temperature stable and frost. IMT should be nonflammable or have as little as possible flammability. IMT should be chemically inert with respect to materials with whom they can contact in an insulating structure. IMT should not have a smell, and save it. IMT should be protected from rodents and does not involve them. TIM should have sufficient mechanical strength. IMT should be easily handled by conventional cutting tools. TIM must have an acceptable economic indicators . Types of insulating materials on the Russian market a wide range of insulating materials with different physical and chemical properties and, accordingly, the technical and operational characteristics. The structure is a solid foundation TIM divided into fibrous and cellular. The fibrous materials used solid base of mineral origin - it could be basaltic rocks and glass (quartz). These are primarily mineral TIM and materials made of fiberglass. The basis of cellular (foam) materials can be both minerals and organic polymers. In this group the most widely used insulating materials based on polystyrene (foamed or extruded). Each of the materials for insulation has advantages and disadvantages, and each must be applied in accordance with the appointment. Fibrous materials TIM mineral wool mineral wool - is a fibrous material produced from silicate melts rocks, metallurgical slags and their mixtures. Rockwool shares on a stone (raw material - rocks: basalt, clay, etc.) and slag (raw materials - waste of ferrous and nonferrous metals). The unique properties of mineral wool insulations include: incombustibility, high heat and soundproofing ability, durability, environmental friendliness and ease of installation. products made of mineral wool have minimal shrinkage and maintain their size during the entire period of operation. Manufacturing companies producing insulation materials made of mineral wool, depending on the application in the form of mats, as well as soft, semi-rigid and rigid boards . TIM fiberglass thermal insulation of the glass fibers have much in common with mineral wool. The main difference is the length of the fiber: the wool does not exceed 1.5 cm, and the glass reaches 15 cm For fiberglass use environmentally friendly raw materials used for the production glass and waste glass industry. Fiberglass has a high elasticity, which allows to transport material in compressed form. Proceedings of the glass produced in the form of mats and slabs, with great strength. Due to the low density and high content of air, these heaters have low thermal conductivity and long enough to retain the insulation properties. They are nonflammable and under the influence of fire, do not emit toxic substances. and wool and mineral wool can be successfully used for facade insulation. slabs of glass wool over lightweight, flexible and elastic than the mineral, lying close to uneven walls and are suitable for covering uneven surfaces . However, in comparison with mineral wool, fiberglass TIM less durable and also absorb moisture. Fibered products are used for thermal insulation of pitched roofs, residential lofts, with the device frame interior walls, in the construction of low-rise buildings on frame technology, in systems of ventilated facades. cellular materials EPS This kind of expanded polystyrene manufactured bespressovym way of expandable polystyrene. During the processing of polystyrene pellets are exposed to thermal effects of water vapor. The result is a uniformly foamed mass with a fine closed cell structure. Expandable Polystyrene is widely used in construction due to a combination of valuable properties: good insulation, the optimum ratio of strength and weight, low moisture permeability and water absorption, resistance to bacterial growth, environmental friendliness, ease of installation. Guaranteed service life - up to 20 years. This material is relatively cheap and usually comes in the form of plates, which work easily on smooth surfaces . By cons of expandable polystyrene include flammability and low vapor permeability. However, these properties are characteristic of all cellular materials, according to experts, not hinder their wide application. EPS is used for the insulation of different building structures: foundations, basements, walls, roofs . Extruded Extruded polystyrene (extruded) expanded polystyrene is prepared by mixing polystyrene pellets at elevated temperature and pressure with the introduction of blowing agent and then extruded from the extruder. Due to the special structure of this material has stable thermal technical characteristics and high compressive strength. This new generation of TIM is well suited for solving problems for the conservation of heat. The main advantages of the material: the low thermal conductivity, minimum water absorption and high durability. Extruded polystyrene - an environmentally clean, chemically inert and not susceptible to rotting. Working with him is possible in all weather conditions. His plates are easily handled (well cut with a knife) and easy to install. Extruded polystyrene is widely used in the device insulation of foundations and basements of buildings. This material is effectively used as a durable, environmentally friendly insulation in the construction of sandwich panels and roofs. Producers includes: guaranteed service life of extruded polystyrene is 50 years. As for the price, this TEAM will cost more than the expandable polystyrene. In addition to these traditional insulating materials on the Russian market there are new TIM. outstanding representative of such materials - foam glass. Foamglass foamed glass has unique thermal and physical and performance properties. sealed glass cell foam glass determines its impermeability to steam and moisture, consistency and durability of the thermal conductivity, high resistance to blowing wind. In addition, strong cellular structure of foamed glass makes it suitable for isolation of surfaces under load, preventing separation, shrinkage and swelling of the material. Unlike EPS, foamed glass is completely combustible. foamglass Producers say that this story has no limits on the lifetime, and give him a guarantee of 100 years (!). The fact that the foam glass - this is not entirely new, rather well-forgotten old stuff. Buildings , insulated with blocks of foam glass, built back in 1950. The product of the newly opening such facilities did not reveal any changes in the structure of the material. Using the construction of cottage or country house modern insulating materials, can be considerably lower heating costs, while greatly improving the microclimate of the building. House, which is used in the construction of modern insulating materials, for many years to protect its occupants from drafts, dampness and cold, creating a true comfort. With properly arranged insulation, you can fully feel the beauty and charm of living in your own home . According to market research conducted in 2007, Russia accounted for about 4% of world consumption of all types of insulating materials. The volume of Russian market of TIM is 17 million cubic meters. Experts estimate that about 30% of Russia's TIM is foam. The rest of the market divided between different kinds of wool: approximately 30% is glass and 40% - rockwool. According to forecasts, the share of products from stone wool annually will increase by 3-5% due to decline in the share of materials from fiberglass and foam. The most active segment is extruded Styrofoam, the potential of which is increasing annually by 25-30%.