Mineral wool is a fibrous insulating material obtained by melting of silicate rocks, metallurgical slag, and mixtures thereof. Using the adhesive for synthetic fiber binder, mineral wool produce a range of heaters for construction sites. Thermal insulation products made of mineral wool include plate (soft, semirigid, high rigidity, with a corrugated structure), and roller material - mats, as well as felt, shells, and other segments. By the form of raw mineral wool is subdivided into the stone and slag. In the first case for using rocks - basalt, diabase, limestone, dolomite, in the second - slag, which are industrial waste metals. The process of mineral wool production involves several stages: preparation of raw materials, obtaining the melt, the formation of fibers, fiber deposition, obtaining mineral wool carpet. An important step in the production of mineral wool is to calculate the composition of the mixture of raw materials - the charge. From it depends largely on further properties of the material. The process of obtaining the melt is usually carried out in cupola furnaces - mine smelters. Raw material is loaded with coke, which is the fuel. At a temperature of 1300-1400 ° C produced melt, which is a continuous flow comes from the bottom of the cupola. The formation of mineral fibers produce blast or centrifugal method. The first is the impact on the melt jet stream of steam or compressed gas, the second is based on the use of centrifugal force, turning the hot molten slag or rock in the finest fibers. The obtained filaments fall into the deposition chamber, and then fed to the conveyor for sealing of their rolls. The next step is the introduction of the binder, which allows to form slabs or mats, and then, after further forming and sealing of mineral wool carpet is exposed to the longitudinal and transverse cutting boards or mats at a given size. Properties of mineral wool mineral wool has a high thermal insulation and sound insulating ability, flame retardant and moisture resistant. Insulating properties of the material based on its low thermal conductivity, which in turn is composed of thermal conductivity of solid fundamentals, heat and humidity of the air gap, located between the fibers. Largely on the thermal conductivity affects the orientation of mineral fibers: their chaotic arrangement provides the best result. However, the vertically oriented fibers can create plates of lower density at a relatively high compressive strength. Incombustibility mineral wool can take it to the discharge of fire exclusion. In addition, mineral products effectively prevent the spread of flames and under the influence of open fire, do not emit toxic substances. The structure of the mineral wool insulation provides them with high sound insulation properties: among randomly arranged fibers do not appear sound waves. This allows the use of mineral products as an effective sound insulator. Thanks to the infiltration of special water-repellent compositions, mineral products acquire such property, as moisture resistance, and therefore carry out work on weatherization of buildings is possible even in rainy weather. Preservation of the geometric dimensions throughout the operation to avoid "cold bridges", usually occurring at the junctions of plates and violating the insulation of the object. The use of mineral wool insulation products are used in multilayer insulation systems. Among them are systems of external warming "wet" type system with a heater inside the enclosing structure (layered masonry, concrete or reinforced concrete sandwich panels, three-layer sandwich panels with metal cladding), heat-insulating layer in ventilated facades. At sites where the insulation exposed to stress during installation or during operation, apply rigid mineral wool insulation. They are used for the insulation of basement structures and systems under the floor cement screed not only warmed them, but also greatly increase soundproofing floor decks. Increased rigidity of the plate suitable for use for insulation coatings of profiled metal decking or concrete, without the device ties. For more effective insulation should avoid contact of mineral wool products with the surrounding air. Mineral wool mats are used for device insulation pipe coolant in the system of trunk communications, as well as piping and equipment industry, where the temperature reaches +600 ° C. Besides mineral used for insulation mats premises to which the requirements to ensure environmental safety. Mineral wool is a filler metal panels. Cut into slats, it fits between their walls so that the location of the fiber is vertical. This provides high thermal insulation properties of the panels and give them additional stiffness. The low thermal conductivity, high fire resistance and water resistance, and durability of products from mineral wool makes them indispensable for the device heat and sound insulation of residential buildings, production facilities, pipelines and other facilities. To date, mineral wool, mats and other items securely occupy the top positions among the green and efficient thermal insulation materials.
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