Escalator

Escalator (English escalator; origin: Lat. Scala - stairs), inclined apron feeder with a moving step-cloth, serves for lifting and lowering passengers at subway stations, public buildings, street crossings and other locations with significant passenger traffic. The first escalator designs developed in the late 19 century. in connection with preparations for the Paris World Exhibition 1900. In the USSR, the escalator was first installed in the Moscow metro in 1935. Blade with two endless traction chain encircles the top of hauling, and below - Tension sprockets and rolls along the guide paths of metal. Traction drive sprocket comprises an electric motor, gearbox with extra gear or chain drives and couplings. For safety and ease of use an escalator for input pads with combs, down into the longitudinal grooves decking steps and moving on both sides of the balustrade handrails at a height of 0,9-1 m from the steps. As a handrail used rubberized cotton belt with curved edges. Handrails are moving on the guide plates and deflection units. The top drive units get rolling through the chain of transmission shaft traction sprockets. Tension blocks are handrails on the slanted part inside the balustrade. Before the input sites with guides how the canvas becomes a horizontal position on the length of 0,8-1,2 m, and on the slanted part forms a ladder at an angle of 30 ° (for foreign escalator up to 35 °), used by passengers for the independent movement is stopped escalator . The canvas is made up of escalator steps, with a steel frame, two main and two auxiliary plastic or rubber-coated steel (silent) rinks are put on the axis, and two traction chains. Plastic rack decking placed horizontally for all sections of the working (outside) the branch road. Plate bush-roller chain traction canvases have an emphasis on outer plates. These stops in conjunction with limiting tire tracks exclude folding and drop cloths in the unlikely break of traction chains. Unified domestic escalator are: for buildings - the lifting height H = 5-7 m, width of step B = 500-750 mm and the velocity u = 0, 4-0,5 m / sec for the subway - H = 10-65 m, = 900-1000 m and u = 0,75-1 m / sec. The drive is equipped with an escalator workers and emergency brakes. escalator has a system of protection of electromechanical devices, as well as tools for automatic switching on and off (for buildings). The design capacity of the escalator to the broad steps is at u = 0,5 m / s - 8000, and for u = 0,9 m / s - 11000 passengers per 1 h. Engine power is determined by the amount of resistance from the moving blade and the handrails on the methods, adopted respectively for the plate and belt conveyors. Encyclopedia of the escalators. The prototype of the modern history of the escalator is the usual conveyor machine for continuous movement of different cargoes. For the first time "moving staircase to transport people," was patented in New York in 1882. It represents the slope of the canvas, which consists of a series of plates with longitudinal strips. The escalator had only a raised. Input pads were installed directly at the ends of inclination. At the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. was established 29 "moving stairs" of various designs. Most of them had a flat canvas, forming an inclined moving walkways. The exception was stepped blade escalators, made by Otis. " However, these escalators had no flooring on the stairs, and the passengers had to leave with no end, and with a side of the escalator. Start the domestic eskalatorostroeniya related to the decision of June plenum of the CPSU (b) in 1931. to construct a subway in Moscow. Design and manufacture of domestic escalators were assigned to two plants. Moscow Plant "lift" have been designed and manufactured the first six domestic escalators A1 (H-10-1). Leningrad factory "Red Metalist almost simultaneously design and build nine escalators H-30. Escalators these two types and have been installed at stations of the first stage of the Moscow Metro, opened 15 May 1935. Creation of domestic escalator was a major achievement of Soviet industry. Foreign companies have requested for supply escalators exorbitant price - about 4ml. rub. gold, and their services had to be abandoned. Images in promotional brochures and stories of people who go abroad - that's all that within the group of Soviet engineers have succeeded, in a short time to create a domestic escalators that have no equal in height growth. Escalators H-30 working on the Moscow Metro, and to this day. Abroad, such as escalators appeared in the late 50's. The complexity of the work performed indicates at least that escalator H-30 has more than 150,000 units and parts, the same number of units mount, 5 th mounting gaskets, and in the manufacture of escalators involved 60 plants. First engineer, who designed the domestic escalators were Muscovites SN Kazmin, BI Prozorov (other authors' names, the developers of the first domestic escalator A1 could not be established), Leningrad: MM Andrianov, EM Bolotin, BI Bulak, BN Jerusalem, ND Lyamshin, AV Novoderov, MV Onufriev, AI Above zero, NV Pokrovsky, MV Prokhorov, PV Tyumen, TA Hasai, etc. Since the release of the first domestic escalator has been more than 50 years. During this time, were released several types of escalators. All of them are in operation. By 1990, only the first six escalators E-1 has been replaced by new ones. The first generation of Soviet tunnel escalators was the symbol H (firmly established pronunciation "Al"). Escalators H-type manufactured in 1935-1956 years. They are installed only on the Moscow Metro. H escalators of different sizes have a maximum height of 10, 20, 30 and 40 m (H-10, H-20, etc.). The second time (1952-1966 gg.) Escalator was EM (subway escalator "). Were created in three sizes of EM-1, EM-4 EM-5, and then the EM-5, 5, where the number indicates the maximum design height, divided by 10. In fact, they were used at a height of 14 to 43, and 50 and up to 55 m. Almost simultaneously with the EM escalators were created machines linden LT (Leningrad tunnel), which were produced from 1955 to 1980 the first escalator LT-1 (height up to 65 m) was subsequently replaced by the LT-2 (45-65 m). In addition, a number of sizes were escalators LT-3 (25-45 m) and M-4 (25 m). Initially, the number of escalators RT absent Machine LT-5. Due to the large demand for escalators for the small height, the subways began to install escalators Floor type LP (Leningrad Floor). Many sites these escalators are not kept for intensive work on the subway. As a result, a number of modifications of the escalator to be installed on subways (LP-6A, LC-6n, LP 6IO, PL-6K). However, to achieve the required performance for the subway was not possible. Therefore, the escalator was designed by M-5, and escalators in subway LP gradually replaced. In 1978 he started producing escalators type EBs (escalator tunnel): ET-2 (45-65m), ET-3 (30-45 m), ET-4 (15-30 m) and ET-5 (3-15 m). Currently available modernized escalators ET and escalator EB-5 is replaced by almost a new model. All of these escalators were called ET-2M-3M ET, ET-5M. In 1957 was released the first Floor Escalators type E3. They were a miniature tunnel escalators and wide distribution is not received. Per floor is actually the first car were escalators LP-6 LP-6K, PL-7C. Currently available Floor Escalators type EP. Rules of conduct of passengers on the escalator! Escalator - a powerful and complex mechanism, which is a zone of high risk. When using an escalator passengers should: going on the escalator to look carefully at his feet, he entered the escalator to take a hand to the rail; take place at the right stage in the course of movement, freeing up the left passage, young children need to take hands in older children - to keep the hand, with entrance and exit to the escalator to hold the floor long clothes to avoid hitting them in the comb of the escalator; transport truck just folded as hand luggage. When using an escalator NOT: run the stairs, get on stage and on the handrail, lean against the balustrade of a moving escalator; to put things on stage and on the rail; turn their backs to the direction of the escalator and the ports of the escalator sharp and hot objects, pasting stickers on the side of the escalator ; clutter level escalator debris. In case of contact between the parts escalator parts of the body or passenger, animal, clothing, or things, as well as a fall on an escalator moving people or objects need to: turn off the escalator with handles (keys), located at the top and bottom of the balustrade, to seek assistance from station staff on duty and may not self-extract objects, trapped between parts of the escalator.