Electronic security systems

This article is based on years of practical experience on the equipment of country cottages, country houses, suburban settlements electronic security systems and fire safety. Some deviations from standard patterns of security systems of industrial objects associated with features of home ownership. Proposed technical solutions worked out in practice by numerous trials and errors and largely prompted by the customers. Electronic security systems general principles of protection of well-known and described in numerous sources. For all the diversity and peculiarities of different ways to protect these principles are reduced to the creation of several lines of protection and a complex of organizational measures to curb the actions an attacker. When choosing the means of protecting the home, the consumer comes first from the evaluation of possible threats. This estimate depends on the type of occupation, location, consumer welfare, etc. Assessment of possible threats is largely subjective, so the final choice of the structure of the electronic system of protection always remains with the consumer. When choosing the concept of building security system for private homeownership there are some differences from the systems of large objects. The main difference lies in the various financial opportunities for industrial or commercial establishment and the owner of the private cottage or holiday home. In most cases, the landlord does not come as much of the desired technical characteristics of the alarm system, but because of the amount of money that he is ready to allocate equipment electronic security system. Another difference is the object distance from the city, and therefore - from the service center. This implies increased demands on equipment reliability. It is well known that the reliability of the system as a whole, the lower the greater the number of elements of the system. Therefore, to improve the reliability of the system to reduce the number of devices (sensors, extenders, distribution boxes, etc.) to a minimum, be reasonably necessary to accomplish the task. In addition, maintenance is greatly simplified if the system consists of identical, interchangeable elements. In our view, even a complex system of electronic security should consist of several functionally independent parts, with easy setup and use. This approach improves the reliability of the whole system and reduces maintenance costs. On the other hand is not worth saving at the stage of construction of the system by purchasing cheaper equipment little-known firms, obsolete or functionally limited. During the development stage it is desirable to lay some redundancy of equipment for technical and functional characteristics. Most modern security systems have a modular structure that allows it to grow by adding more blocks. The third difference of electronic security systems of individual houses is high aesthetic requirements for elements of security and quality of construction works. Compliance with this requirement is also facilitated by the reduction to a reasonable minimum number of functionally different sensors and other system components that require outdoor installation. Burglar Alarm One of the common approaches to building a system of electronic security of the building from unauthorized entry (alarm) is installed in every room with the window glass break sensors, and on all doors and sliding sash windows magnetic contact sensors at the opening. In terms of the individual cottages are extremely difficult to install sensors in compliance with the aesthetic demands and lay signal cables without disturbing the finish. Even if you run cables under construction at home, it is very time-consuming process would be hidden application window sensors. A large number of wire loops and hidden sensors reduces the reliability and maintainability of the system. In addition, in a country house, as a rule, you need to protect the three levels: basement, first and second floors. Otherwise, the system will not perform its tasks. Therefore, in our view, such an approach is most applicable in the construction of the alarm system for the cottage and garden cottages with a cheap interior finish, where installation of sensors and wiring can be done openly. Cheaper and less laborious approach is to use the internal motion sensors in all areas of the house. The main drawback of this method is that an object can be protected only in the absence of people in the house. Taking into account the above considerations, we have in our practical work we take as a basis for the creation of a closed security zone along the outer perimeter of the building with infrared motion sensors installed on the outside of exterior walls. Typical number of sensors is 6-12 depending on the size and configuration of the building. Size exclusion zone is typically 3-5 meters and can be adjusted depending on the specific conditions in the process of setting up the system. Such a system could be put in a protection mode, in the absence of hosts and at night, when the owners are inside the house. In contrast to the internal sensors, such a system warns of possible incursion in advance and not when an attacker has penetrated into the house. Thanks to the repellent action of outdoor sound and light signals, the penetration in most cases will be prevented. Additional internal sensors of any type may be used to create additional lines of protection of critical facilities within the home. Another line of defense electronic security system can guard the perimeter of the infield. To protect the perimeter of private property is usually used active radiation sensors operating on the principle of interruption of invisible infrared beam. Such a system to perform its functions, you must have a durable barrier (concrete or brick). Expedient use of perimeter systems on an area of ??0.5 ha in combination with closed-circuit television with a permanent guard post. Other types of perimeter electronic systems are unsuitable for individual sites because of the mandatory presence of-way width of several meters and a high probability of false alarms. Perimeter alarm system the most expensive compared to other types of systems. Regardless of the types of sensors used by the security system is the basis for alarm control unit, through which the control of all loops signaling, production and transmission of alarm messages, control actuators. CCTV In general, the circuit television system is an integral part of the electronic protection system that includes fire alarm and access control. On this basis, determined by the installation site cameras: Image of access roads - an extra line of discovery on the distant approaches, gates and doors, car parking, location, suitable for shelter. At night, lighting is necessary to provide controlled environments. The simplest circuit television system would be a good addition to the alarm system protecting the perimeter of the house. With a special long-term recording VCR or digital video recorder can lead videoprotokol which identify the attacker upon the occurrence of an alarm event. In addition to the basic function of protection circuit television system provides additional comfort, for example, facilitates the observation of young children in the area, remote control drive gates, etc. In the absence of a permanent post at the site of the system has a more auxiliary role, so for convenience, the number of cameras should be no more than 4-5. In contrast, in the presence of constant protection circuit television system may itself become the basis of electronic security systems. Especially because all the modern data-processing devices have built-in video motion detection, inputs for recording control and alarm outputs for controlling external devices. Electronic Systems Fire Safety In contrast to industrial sites where installation of fire safety is carried out in strict accordance with the regulations for a mandatory acceptance of inspector, equipment, electronic systems, fire protection of individual houses is not compulsory and is carried out at the request of the homeowner. Nevertheless, even under these conditions the construction of fire protection systems to meet the requirements of the snip-s provides them with maximum efficiency. On the other hand, given the characteristics of individual housing, as mentioned above: the limited funding opportunities, higher aesthetic requirements for equipment of gentrification and the like, are often forced to retreat from the regulatory requirements. And indeed, common sense dictates that it is better to have at least some fire protection systems of individual houses, than not to have any. Numerous cases from our experience suggests that in time the incoming signal to the ignition to prevent the consequences of that cost is not comparable with the minimal sum of costs for the installation of sprinkler system. Moreover, the installation of the most simple and cheap smoke detectors in electrical cabinets to prevent a fire even before the fire. And according to statistics, the cause of the overwhelming number of household fires is wiring. Fire alarm systems, electronic protection of individual house fire alarm system is usually an integral part of the fire alarm and managed by one alarm control panels. The main types of fire detectors - smoke and heat. For all the seeming simplicity of a wide variety of sensors, different methods of detection. Heat sensors vary in temperature response, as well as on the principle of detection - and maximum differential. Differential detector, in contrast to the maximum, do not work on the absolute value of temperature, but by its gradient. There are also combination: heat-smoke detector. Because of the relatively small area of ??private homes to detect a fire in the early stages of its occurrence. Obviously the use of simple maximum thermal sensors completely ineffective in these conditions. Other types of fire sensors - sensors, gas sensors, and open flame. In the country house of fire sensors are typically installed in the technical and Fire Hazard: boiler room, switchboard, garage, stairwells, and the second light, about saunas, etc. User E fire alarm system must understand that the effectiveness of the system through the compulsory presence of the healthy primary fire extinguishing equipment (fire extinguishers of various types, sandbox, shovel, etc.), under the rules of fire safety. Fire Automation There are many types of automatic fire: sprinkler, deluge, gas, etc. However, all these systems have industrial applications and for some reason not very suitable for of Application in the home. Most appropriate means of automatic fire extinguishing domestic use are the absolute fire extinguishing. Compared with other types of autonomous powder extinguishers modules are low cost, ease of maintenance, environmental safety. In addition, most modules powder fire can operate in either electric start (for the fire alarm signals) and a self-mode (above the critical temperature). Modules of extinguishing powder is usually installed in the technical and Fire Hazard: boiler room, switchboard, garage, etc. The fire extinguishing modules included with electronic control unit can be allocated in a separate system of automatic fire. Automatic fire extinguishing system may also be an integral part of the fire alarm if the alarm control unit has an output control of automatic fire suppression systems.