Do not think about drainage down

Alexander Shubin Even in the era of ancient Babylon architects necessarily organized drainage system around the houses. This convinced archaeologists have unearthed clay drainage pipes and tightened petrified mud ditch. Building technologies since everything is changing, and drainage, without which it can not do, it remains in its classical form. Raindrop foundation sharpens Many certainly try to challenge this assertion. Indeed, why do I need to arrange a drainage system designed, as is known, for the effective collection and disposal of water, if during the development of pit or trench under the foundation of ground water is not made? Delete something because nothing will! If only it were so simple: First, in the development of pit or trench and then filling them is loosening the soil, which greatly simplifies the way the water to the foundation. Even for three miles in the county do not have water, close to the surface of the rising groundwater, springs and wetlands, the complete absence of basement waterproofing and drainage, the appearance of water in the basement can be expected after the first good rain, which in our region are not uncommon. Especially in the fall. Incidentally, a very dangerous time of year for an unprotected basement! True, winter is worse. Accumulated at the basement water freezes, which leads to deformation of structures. The results are grim: cracks in the foundation, no matter what the strength and thickness of concrete from which it is made, the destruction of blind area, the shrinkage of tracks: And there is no difference, there is a basement or not: Water - the world's best solvent - will do the trick. Secondly, the water element so insidious that could bring the most unexpected surprises. A textbook example: There was a case where the house is built on a hillside from which the water should flow to the foot naturally. On drainage, of course, did not care. There was, however, a small stream, but he was taken aside by digging a trench. Sounded the alarm after six months when it was discovered that the soil under the piles on which the house stood, sagged so much that it was possible to walk. It turned out, is taken aside a thin string of brook forgotten podruslovom flow, which was several times more powerful than the surface, and unrestrained during the spring tide substitution and made several dozen cubic meters of bulk soil. Here you have the result of inattention to his plot of hydraulic and neglect technologies we've tested yet ancient sculptors. Today, in European countries, none at all construction is complete without a system of drainage pipes. Drainage is not an alternative, overseas it is used everywhere: from housing construction to landscaping and gardening services, both in low-rise, so when a high-rise building, regardless of the hydrogeological and atmospheric conditions. In the north-west Russia, where many marshes, a large amount of rain and melted snow and groundwater in many places come close to the surface, the rejection of drainage systems is fraught with sad consequences. What can dig up the steel mole consider the main drainage ways. Ditch. Ancient as the hills and cheapest way to cope with the water element. Ditch is best to arrange on a flat, low-lying land, where it is difficult to establish required for other types of drainage slope. Collected in the gutters the water slowly evaporates or flows into the header. If the terrain flat, dug a ditch across the slope at the top to reduce the level of groundwater and prevent the possibility of saturation of the lower layers. To intercept and collect the water flowing down from the slope at its base dig another ditch, parallel to the first, and connect their pottery drainage system, discussed ahead, or the additional ditch. And even from the bottom of the ditch water into the drain well or reservoir. Speaking of the well. This hole diameter of one to two meters and a depth of not less than two meters (the total amount of well defined depending on the size of the plot), cushioned not bonded with cement bricks. Well of sleep broken brick or rubble stone, and on top to avoid siltation laid sod. Open ditch dig depth of 100 to 120 cm, by hand or excavated, Beveling for greater durability wall at an angle of 20-30 degrees. In clay soils of the channel wall is stronger, so they make more steep. For safety shield system and its effectiveness - periodically cleaned of debris. In less than a ditch? They "eat" a lot of living space. POTTERY drainage. Short or long clay, plastic pipe sections are laid herringbone and sleep in the trenches, designed to collect and divert water. In some cases the use of cheap concrete drainage pipes. Trench digging depth of one meter and a width of 30 inches, possibly putting the top and subsoil layers separately. To ensure efficient drainage of water make the grade at the rate of 1:40. The location of the lateral drainage pipes depends on the nature of the soil. Roughly cuttings are made at a distance of 4,5 m in the clay soil, 7.5 meters - on the loam, 12 - in the sand. Diameter pipes that make up the central branch of the system - 10 cm, lateral - 7.5 cm technology is simple: the trench bottom lining layer of coarse gravel or crushed stone, then butt the pipe is laid, which allows excess water to seep into the space between them. Side pipes attached to a central angle of 60 degrees, and the joints to prevent clogging cover ceramic tiles. Then laid pipes poured rubble stone or gravel and covered all of this "layer cake" the top layer of soil. And all would be good potter drainage, if it were not part of the "silting up" of pipes, as well as their displacement relative to each other due to shifts in the earth's surface. BRICK drainage. Used on small plots, where the device is ineffective drainage ditches or pottery. Dig through the site under a single trench slope (parameters - both for pottery drainage), directing it to the drainage wells. Trench half filled with broken brick or rubble stone, covering it with gravel and overturned sod. Next poured top layer of soil - and the system is ready for operation. Krotov drainage. Interesting system, which, unfortunately, can only be used on clay sites. Drainage cut using a special device - a conical cylinder made of steel, referred to as a mole. Tractor stretches it around the site, and form a "wormhole" - a continuous drain to drain water that is regularly used for several years. With the filter reliably Whatever it was, each of these methods has disadvantages, or functional limitations. Another thing - pipes made of polymer materials, with the advent of that situation with the drainage and drainage systems, the device has changed dramatically. First, the pipe made of polyethylene, but they required cleaning intervals of not more than asbestos-cement or ceramic, and laid them could not be deeper than two meters, and this is not always enough in our environment. But because of the vertical ground movements such pipes have suffered less than their predecessors. To replace the plastic came corrugated perforated pipes of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with filters for different types of soils. PVC pipe is much stronger than politetilenovyh differ practically unlimited service life, and inflicted on them numerous openings facilitates the rapid collection, skips and removal of excess water. Drainage of PVC pipe can be laid at a depth of 6-8 meters and not worry about cleaning - filters from coconut fiber or geotextiles protected from siltation. However, any drainage, whether it's ultramodern system with "eternal" pipes and filters made of exotic materials or trench-type ones that digging in ancient Sumer, - still better than none.