Plastering. Materials

Binders. These include: clay, lime, cement, gypsum and others. Building lime air hardens only in the air. Calcination of limestone receive lump lime or kipelku. This requires clearing and lime applied in the case in the form of lime paste. Lime-kipelku grind to a very fine powder to yield ground lime. It is used in this form, and quenched in the solution. If necessary, lime-kipelku quenched in pushonku - a fine powder. This quenching occurs with insufficient water in excess of water is obtained by lime putty. When lime-kipelki in pushonku takes about 1 m3 of water per 1 m3 kipelki. Kipelku strewed it upon a flat surface layer of 5-6 cm and watered from watering cans with water up to as long as it does not turn into powder. When lime-kipelki the dough for 1 m3 of it takes 3-4 m3 of water. Depending on the quality of raw materials and firing turns lime-kipelka bystrogasyaschayasya (with the term extinction is not more than 8 minutes), srednegasyaschayasya (8 to 25 min) and medlennogasyaschayasya (more than 25 minutes). Check the terms of quenching can be wrong. Split a piece of lime-kipelki into small pieces (2-3 cm), to take her about a cup and pour water at room temperature. Noticing the start of quenching (separation of steam and the conversion of lime into the dough), define the term extinction. Slake the best in the drawer of a minimum height of 20 cm Quenching is carried out as follows. Lime-kipelku poured into the box, filling it no more than 1 / 4 height. Large chunks of kipelki better to split into smaller ones. In the process of clearing the water topped up in small portions, so as not to cool the lime and mix well. Operation is repeated as long as the lime did not put out and becomes a liquid such as milk. Then it was poured into some dishes for storage or in a specially dug pit called tvorilom, where it is kept at least three weeks. Better drained through a sieve with an aperture of 2x2 or 3x3 mm. Quick-slacking lime poured into a box, fill with water so that it covered the whole lime. As soon as the steaming hot, immediately add water and all are thoroughly mixed. After quenching was diluted with water prior to lime and fused into storage. Srednegasyaschuyusya lime fill with water to half its height. When a water vapor lime mix and gradually add water. After quenching diluted with water and drained for storage. Medlennogasyaschuyusya lime is moistened with water from the watering can. After the appearance of cracks on the piece of lime (a sign of the beginning of extinction) in small portions, add water, stir. The resulting milk of lime is poured in the hod. Top of flood water that poured in for 2-3 days as it evaporates. Then poured a layer of sifted sand to 50 cm, and so endure. The water evaporates or soaks the ground and the milk of lime into a lime putty. Lime putty, transformed into milk by adding water, is applied only to whitewash (lime color). Dries, lime putty gives greater shrinkage, is covered with cracks and does not possess the necessary strength. Therefore, preparing a solution of the test, it added sand, ground slag, pumice dust, etc. This solution solidifies slowly. Lime can be replaced by industrial wastes, such as podzols, oksharoy, carbide sludge. Podzol - waste leather industry (lime third grade, mixed with the hair). Requires rubbing through a sieve with a mesh no larger than 10 x 10 mm. Okshara - waste of the textile industry (lime third grade, mixed with fine woolly hair). It should be kept for 5-6 months in heaps or bins in the open air until the complete removal of chlorine. Carbide sludge - waste in obtaining calcium carbide acetylene (lime 2 nd grade bluish shade containing 40-45% water, polluted nondestructive lozhivshimsya calcium carbide). Requires holding for 1-2 months in the open air to remove odors. Clay is different fat and different degrees of contamination by impurities. Clay mortars the most fragile. Gypsum - white or greyish powder fine grind produced from gypsum rock by firing. Produced 12 stamps. For construction use mainly gypsum, having compressive strength 0,2 - 0,7 MPa (2-7 kgf/cm2), with the beginning of setting is not earlier than 6 minutes and the end of seizure within 30 min. Plaster can be applied in pure form, as in grasping it does not decrease, and vice versa, increases in volume by 1%. Fast setting is not always convenient. Slows its lime or clay mortar or a specific inhibitor of 0,5-2% solution of bone or hide glue or 5-10% solution of borax. Solutions are prepared on the water. Portland cement and slag cement - the most durable of the above binders, hardening in air and in water. This finely powder is grayish-green shades. Start of setting should occur no earlier than 45 minutes, the end - no later than 12 hours after, mixing with water. Cure ends after 28 days. All binders should be stored in a dry place in tightly bags from kraft paper, well-sealed or tied. From long-term storage, they lose their strength. Fillers are used to reduce the shrinkage of the solution and the flow of binder. In the plaster as a placeholder using the river, mountain, ravine and sea sand. Contaminated sand washed. Sand can be of different size: large - with a grain size from 2 to 5 mm, medium - from 0,5 to 2 mm and a fine - up to 0,5 mm. Sand grains with acute-angle shape (sand mountain) is better meshes with the astringent than the sand with rounded grains. This is the best filler for plaster. Slag sand also comes in different sizes. It is produced by crushing and sieving. He should be in the dumps at least one year out of him to have been washed sulfur and other inclusions that reduce the strength of the binders. Smaller than 1 mm dust better than weed. Plaster from the solution on the slag sand is much warmer than usual. Thickness of plaster shall be not less than 30 mm. Pumice and charcoal sieved after grinding. They are prepared warm light mortars. Different materials. They are used for insulation and reduce the sound conductivity structures. Felt - svalennoe cloth made of wool. It can be of different density and thickness. For the protection of moth it is impregnated with 3% formalin solution. Mat - cloth woven from bast. It should not have holes and dirt. Dirty mat washed and dried. Burlap is a thick and thin, in rolls or pieces. You can use the net bags. Dran plaster - are thin sticks of different length, a width of 15-20 mm, 3-4 mm thick. Packed bundles of 50-100 pc. Dran can replace oshkurennymi willow twigs; big chop-sticks. Nails are used for stuffing drann length of 25, 30 and 40 mm. 1000 pcs. nails, respectively, weigh 416, 626 and 1060 With the right gasket drann at 1 105 m2 require nails. Reducing their number reduces the quality of training. Used soft steel wire, 2-3 mm thick for braiding nails in the preparation of surfaces with thick plaster identified. The grid is made with cells of different sizes: for sifting sand - 3 x 3 mm, for surface preparation (instead drann) - 25 x 25 35 x 35 mm.