Design and manufacture of stairs

George Rostov Stairs has always represented something more than just a way of moving in space. Rather - as embodied in wood, metal or stone man's striving upwards. Prosperous citizens strive to acquire a penthouse if not, then at least get an apartment with a loft - or make it a two-tier. Let the cares and worries will remain at the bottom, as we soar to the clouds. When there is a proper staircase, it is not difficult. Design and manufacture of stairs difficult and time-consuming process requiring a high level of professionalism and the diverse knowledge in technology and design. All trim is now running at the level of "furniture" rather than construction standards, so that the staircase is a work of art, occupying a new place in a city apartment or country house. It defines the architectural and artistic structure of the home, becoming the dominant style and the main piece of furniture. With the help of ladders can organize the zoning of one or several rooms on different levels of the building, it allows you to see the house and its interior from different angles. Around the stairs in the house is built a certain subject line. Traditionally, on the wall along the flight staircases hang paintings and graphics: family portraits or landscapes, as well as hunting trophies, and even ancient weapons. The lower and upper landings, in niches on the walls can be created decorative floral composition. Classic ceremonial staircase suggest a pair of sculptures or fixtures at the entrance, mirrors on the landing. Wide gap between the marches or the circular stair shaft shall cover the chandelier. On balconies and mezzanines, included in the ladder stage, sometimes put chairs and tables. Openings are spiral staircases are usually decorated with a wall decoration, not going to be distracted and looked attentively at his feet. Along with the aesthetic requirements, to the staircase presented a set of controversial technology - comfort, safety, reliability, binding to the joists and planning, longevity, durability, etc. Engineering and Design, these inseparable part of design, to the greatest extent determined by the choice of materials used, configuration and support structure ladder. Osnova - material for the manufacture of ladders now used a wide range of materials, although the most popular are still wood and metal: Wooden stairs. Material of the stairs - the determining factor structure and design. In this regard, the tree remains an absolute favorite, most popular, accessible, warm and soft, infinitely esthetic material. Elements of clean wood technological, traditional, environmentally friendly, can be various shades used in the design of any style and artistic intent - as for the manufacture of bearing, and finishing - and perfectly combined with other materials. In wood has its drawbacks: not resistant to moisture, fire hazard, rapid wear in adverse conditions. However, they are surmountable. In addition, we must remember that this lively and whimsical material has a heterogeneous structure, and different tree species differ in their properties. However, regardless of breed and destination, some of the operations and requirements when working with wood are required. Details professionally manufactured ladders, but such talk makes sense, must be glued together from multiple layers of wood with different directions of the fibers to avoid cracking or deformation during operation. From the array to produce acceptable unless balusters with a diameter of 60 mm. Of all the factors on the dimensions of parts most affected by fluctuations in humidity. To detail the stairs Do not tilt in the first year of life, the wood must be thoroughly dried. This technology is long and requires special equipment. On the other hand, the ladder - the construction of large, usually associated with evacuation routes, so the wooden stairs shall be fire resistant. Wood impregnated and treated with flame retardant, does not affect the performance and decorative properties. Stairs can be manufactured from a variety of wood types, from soft conifers - pine, fir, cedar, larch, semi - birch, maple, hard to valuable species - oak, beech and ash. In the supporting structures of impermissible use of different tree species with uneven expansion coefficient of fiber at moisture changes, or very soon will start to loose connections and a ladder will shred and grind. Of course, of all the trees most reliable and prestigious remains of oak. The wood is beautiful, strong and durable. However, oak roads and difficult to process. An alternative may be cheaper beech, light pinkish hue that blends beautifully with a metallic finish, but he is not suitable for premises with high humidity. A good option is the Siberian larch, its wood is a beautiful color, strong, stable, practically does not decay. Finally, the most accessible and therefore most popular option is pine, which can also be recommended for use in harsh conditions in unheated and damp areas, the summer cottages. It is very important to properly operate. Attitude toward the stairs as furniture, as a very large and valuable cabinet or table. Temperature and humidity in the room should fluctuate as little as possible. So - no heating systems under the stairs or near the fireplace. If we are sure you want to use the empty space, make a pantry. For very dry weather to apply special moisturizers or use it as a home Shade plants. However, the humidity is worse than dry. As flooring, the staircase can not stand if it is filled with water - just in case you want to process wood elements parquet lacquers. Wood and metal stairs. Among the stairs, are composed of different materials, these - the most common. In this design uses the strengths of wood and metal. Metal frame staircase stronger than wood, has a greater rigidity and durability at the same cost. Such a ladder can easily fit into the interior, it takes up less space than wood. Flexibility, strength and workability of the metal can produce parts that are impossible to make out of wood. In the production of metal frames and enclosures are widely used standard elements with a persistent high quality coating. The coldness and hardness of the metal is balanced by a warm wood finish and aesthetic. Very popular wooden steps - from the simplest and cheapest to the steps made of beech, oak and mahogany. The design is complemented by a variety of stair railings made of wood, metal, glass, grids, forged items. Metal stairs. They are currently experiencing a rebirth. It is made from a metal fire, roofing and other outdoor stairs. Stage, exposed to the most rigid of operation, are made of steel (rolled profiled) and iron (mold casting). Thanks to new technologies of modern metal stairs are not only durable, convenience and functionality, and elegance, aesthetic perfection, worthy of any contemporary interior. Marsha metal stairs can be any form - straight, curved, elliptical. Welding with subsequent polishing enables to produce rails that can significantly strengthen the construction of stairs, giving her at the same time laced and lightness. In terms of decoration except for a wide variety of paint finishes, chrome plating and polishing are used technology to fully reveal the aesthetic possibilities of metal. Polished stainless steel and gives it a depth and glow to products made of brass patina is applied, the shadow of centuries, "Powder coating on metal coating creates a" marbled ". Finally, the metal bearing elements made of stairs, the fashion wrought iron fence of black metal, bent polished sections, stainless steel or brass. Stone and ceramic tile. With respect to the main external stairs at the stone and tile virtually no competitors. They combine beauty, rich in aesthetic and technological capabilities, resistance to natural events and abrasion. In our city we can admire every day the best examples of decorative stone in the subway. Natural stone since ancient times used to finish the stairs and ramps, and retained its importance until now. Moody marble being used in the inner rooms, but the granite transcend whims of weather, the most versatile material. Ceramics, tiles and porcelain tiles are more powerful than natural stone. Tiles are available, easier, smarter, lets make out the floors and stairs a large area in the same style. To finish stair manufacturers issue a special complete set of parts - some kinds of tiles, steps, curved rods (also called ceramic corners), risers and skirtings, stairs giving an elegant and finished look. The general problem of stone and ceramic coverings - slippery, very nasty and insidious property. Now, however, developed and implemented special technologies - granite can be treated with burner, burning inclusions of quartz, so that it becomes slightly rough, with roughness buchardirovanii created a special grinding machine, and sometimes on the steps engrave a special non-skid strips. On ceramic tile with the same purpose sputtered thin abrasive layer, causing cuts or relief strips are glued special anti-slip film or rubber bands. Glass. Of course, the glass - the most exotic, avant-garde material for processing stairways, although we can not argue that it is visually free interior and creates the impression of absolute lightness and airiness. What do you think of the stairs with clear steps? For the manufacture of laminated glass is used, fused from two or more layers of glass, polymer composition. Sometimes, the polymer is added the color dyes. Like ceramic tile, glass material slippery on the steps recommended to put carpeting mount inserts made of rubber or any other non-slip material. At the same time will save the glass from scratches. The cost of the stairs are very high and almost independent of the chosen design - the roads themselves glass stage (more than $ 500 apiece). The process for attaching There are three basic ways to mount the steps - bearing beams, fan placement steps on the load-bearing columns, a console mounted to the wall. The choice of design is determined by the architect's plan, general purpose and construction situation: Kosourov and string. In both designs flight of stairs consists of steps and inclined load-bearing beams. The difference - in the position of the beam relative levels: at kosour stage placed on top, a string attached at the side - in a wide groove bearing beams. FLOATING on Kosourov and stringer with steep rise of 30-45 degrees - is a classic type of stairs, the oldest and most common building construction. At the same time they combine reliability, durability, excellent aesthetic qualities. This design allows you to freely combine different materials - metal kosour and wooden steps, wooden kosour and marble steps, wrought iron railing. An interesting option - kosour narrow staircase, made of separate, connected by welding elements. This staircase looks very elegant and may have an unusual geometry. Certain lack of ladders on Kosourov and stringer may be that they are relatively heavy, due to the construction itself, support beams, balusters, jewelry. Circular and spiral. An alternative to a straight flight staircases - spiral formed by a fan of steps set out on a central reliance on the outer concave wall or on the spiral bearing beam. This design also has a venerable history, dating back to feudal castles. Now the role of spiral staircases is determined not so much the functionality of many considerations of design. As a rule, they become bright, spectacular part of the interior, always dynamic, light, airy and transparent, more than other types embody the basic idea of ??the stairs - the movement. Finally - this is the most compact design requires minimal space, is housed free, original and relatively cheap. However, the disadvantages they have as much merit. Because the spiral staircases are well admired and spinning around the pole every day - exercise is harmful to mental equilibrium. If for the sake of design make the narrow staircase, the problems are compounded. The spiral staircase you can not run, even more so - to drag furniture. Intermediate sites is not provided, old and small and short leg break. So that the spiral stairs are good when they are - more when the house is the main staircase. Console and Boltzmann. In the world there is always new. It turns out, there may be discoveries even in so-designed areas such as supporting structures for the stairs. In the console self-supporting ladders, invented by German engineers, the stage at one end is fixed to a solid wall anchor - Boltzmann, on the other - is hanging in the air or held by rack enclosure. This does not mean that the ladder is weak, in contrast, can withstand intense pressure. Perhaps it is not as flashy as the stairway to Kosourov. But the modern, is light and easy, as if floating in space, making the room seem brighter and more spacious. Design decisions are in no way limited to, materials - varied.