The organization of water supply cottages or villas from groundwater sources requires the alignment of the complete process chain - from drilling wells to water treatment systems. The initial stage of this process - the definition of water content of your site. There are two basic types of arrangement of water under the earth: "Sandy" - sand and gravel aquifer of the Quaternary and Cretaceous period (sandy), "Limestone" - aquifers of the Carboniferous period. "Sand" depth: Pit 10-15 m, 15-30 m of Quaternary, Cretaceous (nadyurskie) 30-50 pm "Limestone" depth - 30 to 230 meters - are called artesian. In the Moscow region the first artesian horizons occur irregularly: - southbound 30-60 m - northbound 90-180 m - west-east direction of 60-90 m. The large water consumption provide wells with depths ranging from 20 to 200 meters, depending on the groundwater. Surface water in the ordinary wells are not able to cope with the task of providing water consumption to 500 liters per hour. They are reliable for water consumption to 100 liters per hour, but the sanitary quality of well water is naturally very low. Waste from industrial enterprises fall even in the deepest levels of the soil. Nitrates and nitrites, heavy metals, bacterial contamination - the source of many troubles for human health into the body with water. The well on overall costs much more than well, but the risk of getting poor-quality water with proper treatment technologies were minimal. "Sand" wells allow water bungalow house has two points of abstraction - the kitchen faucet and tap for irrigation. To ensure the cottage with the European standard of comfort, which has several toilets, washing machine and dishwasher, swimming pool, you need an artesian well. The service life of "sand" wells determined by the properties of construction materials and professional level installers and averages - from 5 to 15 years. Water loss is dependent on seasonal aquifer recharge - in dry periods well may "dry up". Artesian Water State considers mine and, accordingly, regulate their intake, licensing such wells. Technologically literate erected artesian well works seamlessly up to 50 years. To ensure the cleanliness of autopsy and insulation used aquifer require special well construction. It should have a casing, necessary to prevent the collapse of the walls when passing through the loose sediments, as well as for the isolation of non-target aquifers. There are new special agents for insulation - kompaktonity who poured into the insulated section of wells in the form of tablets. Then, under the action of water they are transformed into an impermeable plastic, which forms the entrance to the target horizon is a reliable stopper and prevents pollution. Inner tubes and materials contribute their share in the purity of water consumed. In recent years, applied a strong PVC or HDPE. PVC pipes are light and strong, durable, not prone to corrosion. Environmental and hygienic cleanliness PVC pipes proved by the relevant tests and requirements for food grade plastic. Special drilling machines are in the process of drilling wells. In the finished hole is inserted steel thick-walled pipes. Through them, dipped deep pump diameter of 3-4 inches. Pressure pipe from the pump reaches the surface and is displayed in the house. If the upper part of the well pipe with an introductory deepened to 1,5-2 meters into the ground, then the freezing water in winter is possible. To exclude the ingress of groundwater into the well above the wellhead is installed caisson - a kind of pit in the form of underground metal chamber, which serves as a pump for easy operation and maintenance of water supply systems. Next, the membrane tank, from 100 to 500 liters, depending on the performance of the pump device, located on the first floor (basement), the water flows through the coarse filter. This tank is needed to optimize the operation of submersible pump at the expense of storage supply of water under pressure. Water enters the open valve is not from the pump and the pressure of this tank. Increases pump life because he works under the regime switch only at high flow of water or with decreasing system pressure to the lower set boundaries. However, he is pumping water into the tank until the pressure until it reaches its maximum value. Drilling will take three to seven days, depending on its depth and complexity. Determine where there is water under the earth, can only professional drillers. Consultation with specialists will help you choose the best option, which will provide the system of water supply on a long, long time. Subsequent phases of work from the well: long-term pumping of water to assess its operational capabilities, a complete chemical analysis to conclude that under the water requirements of GOST. The owner must obtain a passport for the installation of water-lifting, including its main characteristics. This document is required for local supervision, and operation of the repair work. Individual wells can be divided into two types (suspended): shallow and deep. Shallow Well Shallow wells are drilled, usually on the water-bearing sand horizons, lying at a depth of 15-35 meters. Drilling is performed by screws that seem to represent a working part of the corkscrew. A typical scheme of shallow wells: - tight head with a lock and I / O for a hose from the pump - casing (steel 20, the diameter of 127-159 mm, fitting) - water levels - domestic submersible pump - filter (mesh lace netting, stainless steel , 52-72 holes per 1 square centimeter) - tank with gravel bank filling - an aquifer (sand) - aquitard (clay) as the casing used hot-rolled seamless pipes (Steel 20) diameter of 127-159 mm, the connection type - screw. Filter is a perforated steel pipe, fitted with mesh lace woven from stainless steel or brass number 52, 56, 68. Well operation by means of pumps vibrating action ("Babe," "Aquarius," etc.). Its performance is 0,3-0,5 m3/hr. Because of its low-yield, the wells of this type are of little use for water supply and are used mainly for irrigation of garden plots. However, sometimes they can be used to supply small cottages, with pot-filler is used. Typically, water from these wells belong to the category of technical and of little use for domestic purposes and drinking. In addition, for this water is characterized by high concentrations of iron, sometimes - of manganese. Deep well for independent water supply is best to artesian wells for more than 30 meters (limestone aquifers). Drilling in this case is made by washing more powerful machines of rotary type and subsequent grouting of the annulus. As the drilling fluids used environmentally friendly drilling muds and additives to them with a certificate of quality and precluding the possibility of contamination of aquifers penetrated. For grouting of the annulus using a mixture of high-quality cement, ensuring proper insulation and precluding the possibility of contamination from the surface of exposed aquifers. Exit from deep wells may reach 5 m3/hr. Equip it with appropriate equipment vodopodayuschim you can create a comfortable system of water consumption. As the casing, the so-called guard, serve as the pipe (steel 20) with a diameter of 133 mm. Directly in the range of the aquifer is possible to install a perforated column. There are several variations of wells. For example, JSC Gidroinzhstroy "according to its technology as a production casing using PVC pipe (PNDTU 273) with a wall thickness of 12 mm and a diameter of 135 mm, which correspond to the requirements for food grade plastic. In addition to the taste of water, unlike metal, does not affect. A typical scheme for deep wells: - casing (conductor - steel 20, the diameter of 159-219 mm) - The operating column (steel 20, the diameter of 133 mm, fitting) - water levels - filter (open hole diameter 90 mm) - black clay (regional aquitard) - fractured limestone - the aquifer - the lower confining layer in the overall cost of works at the facility should be included travel to the drilling, production operations, the cost of materials, pumping and the assurance of wells drilled up to a few years.
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