Ctochnye water drainage and disposal

The easiest solution to this problem, of course, is to use the resources of the city's main sewer, where you can organize the discharge of water. And what do you do when the house is far gorodom7 answer is obvious - to build an autonomous system of waste disposal that will not harm the environment and, indeed, the inhabitants of the house. Despite the large number of projects and design solutions, all basically boils down to three schemes - the temporary isolation of wastewater followed by removal (so-called. Cesspool), two-step diynoy feasability of using the natural processes of decay and deep intensified aerobic treatment. You choose. Out of sight for many cesspool - the usual solution to the problem. It is a sealed container where waste water is discharged from home. They siphon off as you fill the hole. It should be noted that the use of tanks without a bottom with a filtration is prohibited. This twisted individual sewage suitable only if the daily discharge of waste water of less than 1 m3 (SNIP 02/04/2003 - 85 § 3.9). It is not suitable for town houses with a comfortable water supply, where the daily water consumption is much greater. Drives appropriate design in the form of wells. To make the most of their volume, supply wastewater is as high as possible. Bottom of the pit should be no deeper than 3 meters above the ground (for the possibility of sampling wastewater sewer machine). Such a sump constructed of precast concrete rings, solid concrete or solid clay bricks, with indoor and outdoor (if groundwater) waterproofing. The drive is covered with the cap, which should provide insulation (based on mineral wool or polystyrene). If necessary, increase the settler may device a few tanks, connected by pipe. Level of accumulation can be controlled by a float switch. Alya ventilation in overlapping drive install standpipe diameter of at least 100 mm with output at 700 mm above the mark of the planning of land. And most importantly: it is necessary to provide access to the sewage sewer machines, because the hose is not so great. The advantages of this method - the minimum investment and that the design may construct whatever the soil and at any level of groundwater. If we talk about the shortcomings, among them are bad, the dependence on speed and accuracy of the sewer machines, as well as mandatory operating costs (cost of removal of sewage - from 150 to 250 UAH per car). As materials for the construction of a cesspool and septic tank, filter pit, as well as supporting structures for the deep biological treatment systems often use ready-made concrete products. Requirements for external piping When building outdoor sewage systems must comply with the requirements of SNIP 2. 04.03.1985 'Drain. External Networks and Facilities "and SNIP 3.05.04.85« External networks and facilities of water supply and sanitation, as well as SanPiN 4630-88 "Protection of surface waters from pollution." With a minimum diameter (100 mm) outer pipe gravity sewer slope should be 1%, and if the pipe diameter 150 mm - 0,8%. The minimum depth of laying pipelines from the ground up to the top of the pipes in locations where travel by road to / windows be not less than 0,7 m, in other places - 0,5 m. It is desirable to lay pipelines below the freezing depth (1,2-0,8 m ), not otherwise excluded problems with "obstruction" sewer. Piping above the freezing depth, you need to warm (Side of slag, expanded clay or other materials). It should be obeskoy wastewater treatment. The basic structure - a septic tank - an underground sump, comprising one or several compartments through which consistently flowing sewage. In the septic tanks are mechanical treatment (due to the settling process water with the formation of sludge and pop-substances), and partly biological treatment (due to the decay of organic pollution). Moreover, in septic tanks by flotation treatment of wastewater by gases released during decomposition of sediment. It is attended by methane fermentation bacteria that breaks down complex organic molecules into simpler ones. As a result of runoff are cleaned of suspended solids by 50-60% and organic compounds - by 30-40%. After that they enter the biofilter (in the leach field), where they are processing in the layer of gravel and the surrounding soil strata under the influence of biofilm bacteria. The filter layer in this construction is gradually clogged by suspended particles. After 5-10 years, it must be replaced or cleaned. Such a system of individual sewage can be arranged if the site is located on the filter soil (sand, sandy loam), and ground water at a depth of not less than 2 m and a radius of 25 m no wells (wells) for drinking water. Minimum distance from septic tank to the dwelling shall be 5 m. The insoluble fraction at the bottom of the sump to take out 1-2 times a year. Functioning of the septic tank is not connected with the presence of electricity. Its cost is low compared with the system tensifitsirovannoy bio. However, it has limitations on placement in accordance with regulations. In particular they relate to the level of ground water and location on the site. You can install a septic tank septic tank as a factory of plastic, metal, and build it, for example, made of concrete rings. The volume of the septic tank should be 2.5 times greater daily water use (subject to removal of sediment at least once a year). When cleaning twice a design goal of the volume may be reduced by 20%. According to this criterion, and opt for ready-septic. With daily consumption of water up to 1 m3 septic tanks do mono, if spending more - two-chamber (the chamber must be of equal size). Their design in the form of wells. The height of the dry volume above the waste water must be at least 0,5 m tray inlet pipe, it should be placed 50 mm above the calculated level of liquid in the septic tank. In each of the cameras installed septic tank vent riser diameter of 100 mm and a height above ground 700 mm. In the overlap of the septic tank hatches are doing (one for each camera). This allows access for the destruction of crust formed on the surface of the liquid, and the periodic removal of sludge sewage machine. Seepage pit seepage pit consists of filter bottom, walls and perekrytiya.Ego interior volume (on 0,5-1 m) and external lateral sinus (the width of about 30 cm) filled with gravel, crushed stone or slag, sintered with a particle size of 15-30 mm . The height of the filter in the walls of the well should be evenly distributed holes with a diameter of 40-60 mm and a total area of ??about 10% of the surface structure. The walls of the filtration wells are constructed of reinforced concrete, reinforced concrete or solid clay brick (in the latter case, holes are provided through the gaps in the masonry). Tray, the feed wastewater pipeline located on 0,1-0,2 m above the bottom layer of the filter, and the open end of the pipeline should be located in the center of the well. Filter surface wells are calculated from the load on the bottom filter area and the holes in the walls, which is 100 l / day. per m2 in the sand pounds, and 50 l / day. per m2 - in sandy seepage pit is a compact, inexpensive to install and requires a relatively small amount of earthwork. However, its application is somewhat limited by geological considerations (types of soil, groundwater level). Filtration field, this option is acceptable for a large flow of sewage, but when there is no way to build a filtration well. The field consists of several horizontal trenches filled with slag, gravel or crushed stone. The water to be cleaned is fed into the trench through the pipeline In fact, it's the same seepage wells, but horizontal. The field of underground filtration consists of a network of irrigation pipes, stacked to a depth of 0,8 - 1,2 m above the ground (depending on the depth of soil freezing). The distance locally the groundwater level should be at least 1 m. The distribution piping 10 cm in diameter (base) is laid with a slope of 0.5 cm to 1 m. It places branch pipes are arranged manholes. Irrigation and distribution systems are assembled from asbestopementnyh pressureless or plastic pipes. Irrigation laid in the form of branches up to 20 m from the distribution pipeline. Pipes are laid under a layer of crushed stone or gravel about 20 cm in height and width of 25 cm for air flow at the ends of the irrigation pipes at 2 m above planning marks derive risers with a diameter of 10 cm These systems have a wider scope than the filter wells, and may accept more stokov.Biologicheskie purification system is perhaps the most effective method of wastewater treatment, which is due to the microorganisms initially present in the wastewater. Such treatment systems are of two kinds. The first - self-supporting, they are simply buried in the ground, on the surface appear only hatches for maintenance. In the places of their installation denied transportation vehicles. The second - non-bearing, they are mounted inside the concrete pits in the ground transportation or travel with a high level of groundwater. All they need in the bacterial "leaven." With aeration (artificial air) biological wastewater processing speeds, and harmful organic substances are oxidized, decomposing into harmless. The main equipment of purification systems are divided into sections: the primary sedimentation tank (in fact, the same septic tank), the activator and the secondary clarifier. Waste water flows into a primary sedimentation tank, where the separation of floating pollutants and heavy components. Pre-treated waste liquid is sent to the activator, at the bottom of which (with compressor) air is supplied. In an oxygen environment, microorganisms absorb and oxidize organic matter. Revised portions of these substances from the treated water is separated and returned activated sludge in wastewater. In such facilities are no unpleasant odors, and the degree of wastewater treatment at the exit is about 98%. The purified water goes into the ground through drainage ditches or wells. In fact, these structures resemble all the others. But first, they are almost three times less. Secondly, due to the high degree of purity of incoming water (98%), drainage devices in the foreseeable future threatens siltation, and the owner, respectively - a significant amount of "dirty" work. The main drawback of such a system, you can call it volatility. And if electricity is lost, treatment plant becomes an ordinary septic tank.