Decompression device

In our country the decompression device in water supply systems were used until recently only at industrial sites. Today, the use of these devices are actually outside the industrial sphere, for example, in connection with the active construction of tall buildings. It should also be noted that in Western Europe, the pressure reducing devices have long been used in the private sector is also in order to save water. For Russia, this quality is not a matter of principle, but having a number of other useful features, called the device is quite worthy of acquaintance with them. Review of designs: Devices, referred to in this article are divided into the pressure reducing valve and pressure regulators. And they both perform basically the same function - limit is too high supply pressure, maintain a constant pressure in the system, contribute to saving water and reducing noise from the stream. Differences, for example, include the fact that all the valve parts decompression combined into one compact system, a pressure regulator may consist of two or more components. Pressure reducing valve without pressure compensation to include simple decompression device is a pressure reducing valve, without compensation to the inlet pressure. It consists of a "spring (1) / membrane (2), the fixed valve seat 3 and the movable valve disc 4. When selecting the water pressure at the outlet decreases, and with it falls and developed a membrane stress. Arises when this imbalance causes the diaphragm and the spring valve to open. Then the pressure in the chamber II grows up until equilibrium is reached and the membrane spring force. The disadvantage of this device is that the pressure fluctuations at the entrance to his influence on the outlet pressure. Pressure reducing valve with pressure compensation to eliminate the effects of the inlet supply pressure to the pressure output can, removing the influence that the inlet pressure has on the valve disc. In one case, this is achieved by balancing the piston 5 or, alternatively, regulating sleeve 4, which are part of the design of pressure reducing valves, pressure compensated at the entrance. Schematic diagram of the operation of such valves is not different from the operation of appliances, as described above. But the application of balancing the piston or sleeve eliminates the regulatory effect of pressure at the inlet to the outlet pressure. Thus, the inlet pressure does not affect the opening or closing the valve. Operated Pressure Regulators As already mentioned, along with pressure reducing valves and pressure regulators are used. Pressure Regulators actions consist of the valve and the regulator, placed separately. This design has several advantages. First, the controller can be programmed to a certain range. Secondly, the controller can be arranged so that the valve can adjust the pressure or pressure drop. Thirdly, the regulator can be used as an overflow valve. In addition, connecting the hydraulic gate would protect the membrane from regulating too high temperature environment. The design of the controller system is "spring / diaphragm. The valve is located: a fixed seat and moving the valve stem 4, along with a disc valve. To eliminate the influence of pressure at the inlet to the outlet pressure valve design a special piece from the opposite surface of the disk valve, which operates the inlet pressure. This part is mated with a compensating piston 1 or bellows system 5. The operating principle of such a device similar to the work of reducing valve pressure without compensation to the inlet pressure. But the presence in the construction of balancing the piston or bellows prevents the effect of pressure at the inlet to the outlet pressure. Pressure Regulators pulsed addition of regulators of direct action, there are so-called regulators pulse action. The composition of such a device includes an auxiliary valve 1, taking over the function of spring, which applies pressure reducing valves. At zero pressure diaphragm valve is closed the auxiliary spring 3. When the system is part of the water opens the valve, but are created in the output chamber pressure is transmitted to bypass link of 2vo auxiliary valve, and the last close. Bypass link is blocked, and the output chamber 4 creates a pressure equal to inlet pressure. After the diversion of water pressure in the chamber II falls, which causes the auxiliary valve is open. Once the forward section of the auxiliary valve becomes more bandwidth-section fine regulating valve 9, the chamber pressure drops and the system of "disc valve (8) / seat (6)" misses much water it takes to maintain a constant output pressure. The choice of instrument. Determination of conditional diameter before installing the device, lowers blood pressure, should be defined with its diameter. It should not just be equal to the diameter of the pipe, since there is a risk selection valve inflated diameter. And that could lead to instability and pressure fluctuations. Mainly in choosing the valve should be the value of total flow at the exit. Mount the mounting pressure reducing devices should be in the following cases: 1. When the static pressure in the system exceeds the point at 5 bar. 2. To limit the surge working pressure. The system can only operate at low pressure in two cases: 1) if the operating pressure before the safety valve can exceed 80% of the pressure of its operation, and 2) in the high buildings to ensure a safe pressure on each floor. During the construction works must comply with a number of important conditions. For example, the device should be installed in the place where the water supply network moves away from the highway to the local system. Water to the freezing does not destroy the membrane or pocket springs, mount the unit should be in places protected from the negative temperature. In order to avoid premature aging of the material, blocks the pressure reducing the plate with transparent filters should be installed in places inaccessible to UV radiation. If this condition is not possible, you must use devices with metal the plate filters. To facilitate the maintenance of the equipment necessary to ensure adequate space on the device and under it. Also for the repair or replacement of equipment should be set cutoff device before and after the device, which lowers blood pressure. For proper operation of the device it should not suffer mechanical stresses. Before installation, you have to flush the pipe to remove dirt, which can disrupt the normal operation of the device. If the device is not equipped with a filter, it should be set before the valve. The device is built-in filter must be installed so that his cup was located at the bottom - this will allow easy cleaning or to change the filter insert. For one reason or another pressure reducing valve or pressure regulator may be damaged. And to protect against excessive pressure devices connected to the water system for lowering the pressure device should be a safety valve. After lowering the pressure device shall be provided with a straight section of pipe length, about five times higher than the nominal diameter. This will ensure the normal operation of the pressure regulator or pressure reducing valve. Protection against noise when the water passes through the tube creates a noise level is higher, the higher expense. The degree of noise also affects water supply design, the type of building construction, as well as the type of fittings and valves. It is clear that the flow generated noise is particularly undesirable in a residential area. Therefore, there is better to install fixtures, which belongs to the class I anti-noise (noise level pressure <20 дБ). Примером устройства с таким уровнем шума может служить клапан понижения давления Honeywell Braukmann D 06 F, который можно устанавливать без ограничений в любых местах. Клапаны же с уровнем шумового давления <30 дБ не следует закреплять на стенах помещений, требующих защиты от шума, если эти помещения расположены этажом выше или ниже, и уж тем более, если они находятся на том же этаже. Примеры применения Описанные выше устройства находят свое применение как в системах промышленного, так и бытового водоснабжения. В жилищах, рассчитанных на одну семью, клапаны понижения давления используются для создания требуемого давления в системе водоснабжения. В различных общественных сооружениях и спортивных комплексах данные приборы применяются с целью регулирования давления воды в санитарных установках (туалеты, душевые и т.д.), а также для понижения давления воды, подаваемой насосами, которыми оборудованы плавательные бассейны. Такими приборами оборудуются системы водоснабжения больниц и лабораторий, школ и гостиниц, жилищных массивов и коммунальных сооружений. В промышленных зданиях описанные выше устройства используются для защиты от чрезмерного давления различных установок, например, станков или обогревательных систем. Кроме того, клапаны понижения давления и регуляторы давления применяются в спринклерных и противопожарных системах, в системах орошения и ирригации, на автозаправочных станциях.