GOST R EH 414-2002 Safety of machinery. Design rules and design standards for safety

GOST R EH 414-2002 UDC 62-783:614.8:331.454:001.4:006.354 Group T51 RUSSIAN STATE STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT Regulation of development and design standards for safety Safety of machinery. Rules for the drafting and presentation of safety standards ISS 13.110 OKS 0012 Effective date 7/1/2003 Preface 1 developed and submitted by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 10 "Basic general technical standards. Evaluation of effectiveness and risk management ", 2 adopted and put into operation the Decree Russian State Standard of 29 May 2002. № 211-Article 3 of this standard is identical to the text of the European standard EN 414-2000 "Safety of machinery. Design rules and design standards for safety "4 first introduced the development Introduction The purpose of this standard, containing an identical text of the European standard EN 414-2000, - to give designers, equipment manufacturers and other interested parties to the basic design rules and design standards for safety equipment in order to achieve harmonization European legislation. This standard - one set of standards for "Safety Equipment", developed in response to "Machinery Directive" (98/37/EES). 1 Scope This Standard specifies requirements for the development and design standards for safety equipment to ensure the harmonization of national (Russian) standards with the regional (European) standards. This standard contains requirements that complement the requirements of GOST R 1.0, 1.5, and GOST rules PNE [1], if necessary, taking into account the special requirements for equipment safety standards ISO / IEC Guide 51 [2]. This standard, relating to the standards of the type A (3.1), used primarily for the development of standards for the type C (3.3), it can also be used to develop standards for the type B (3.2), but provides the deviation in the construction of these standards do not permit universal application this standard. If the requirements clearly relate to the standards of the type B, it points to. 2 Normative references in this standard references to the following standards: GOST ISO / 12100-1-2001 safety equipment. Basic concepts, general principles for design. Part 1. Basic terms, methods of GOST ISO / 12100-2-2002 Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general principles for design. Part 2. Technical rules and technical requirements of GOST R 1.0-92 State Standardization System of the Russian Federation. Key provisions of GOST R 1.5-92 State Standardization System of the Russian Federation. General requirements for the construction, presentation, execution and maintenance of standards of GOST R 51344-99, Safety of machinery. Principles of assessment and determine the risk of EH 1070-981) safety equipment. Terms and definitions __________________ 1) Translation - in VNIIK. 3 Definitions in this standard use the terms in accordance with GOST EH 1070. Additionally, this standard, the following terms and definitions: 3.1 Type A standards (basic safety standards): Standards contain the basic concepts, design principles and general aspects that can be applied to equipment of all kinds. 3.2 Type B standards (standards group issues safety): The standards that apply to one aspect of safety or to the same type of protective device that can be applied to a wide range of equipment: - type B1 apply to certain aspects of security (eg, a safe distance, surface temperature, noise); - type B2 applies to devices that provide security (eg, two-hand control device, the locking device). 3.3 Type C standards (machine safety standards): The standards contain detailed requirements for the safety of certain types of machines or a group of similar machines. Note - a group of similar machines - machines like the intended use that could create similar hazards, hazardous situations and trigger dangerous events. 3.4 a significant risk: The risk that exists in the machine or associated with the machine as a result of one stage of the process described in GOST 51344. 3.5 a significant risk: A substantial risk that requires specific action by the designer or manufacturer to eliminate risk or reduce its extent according to risk assessment (see Figure 1). All opasnosti1) All significant risk of significant risks are considered significant risk of not rassmatrivayutsya2) ____________________ 1) The risks referred to in Annex A of GOST 51344. 2) For machines listed in Annex IV [3], the danger, at least, are listed (see 4.3.2). Figure 1 - The distribution of risks for an individual machine or group of similar machines 3.6 Additional score: A more detailed description or more detailed technical requirements for protective measures than those specified in existing standards (eg, descriptions of specific protection measures may include links to relevant standards, type B and C). Further assessment describes the current state of the basic safety requirements set out in Appendix A, Standard ISO / 12100-2. Note - The requirements for developing a standard should reflect the level of technological development at this time for this product. Further assessment prepared by the application of the product in the construction requirements to establish standards, implementation of which is achieved by agreement of interested groups. Score increases with technological progress. 4 General Principles 4.1 Standards for security in general, creating a new standard for safety, or revision of the standard is carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard, as well as the requirements of GOST ISO / 12100-1, GOST ISO / 12100-2, GOST 51344 and regulations PNE [1]. Safety standards should not contradict the basic concepts, principles of design and general aspects described in the standards of type A. The main purpose of standards for the type A - to provide designers, manufacturers and other interested parties the recommendations of the Standardization of types B and C, necessary to achieve compliance with national (Russian) legislation with European law. Indispensable element for achieving this goal is understanding the basic structure of the requirements defined in [3]. Safety standards must not repeat or paraphrase the lyrics of the other referenced standards (see 6.6.6.1 of the rules PNE [1]), but for a better understanding of safety standards is permissible repetition of the basic definitions (concepts), the application of standard and / or major requirements set forth in the Standard ISO / 12100-1, GOST ISO / 12100-2. 4.2 Standard Type B Type B Standards: a) Consider one aspect of safety (standard type B1) or a single unit that provides security (standard type B2), b) set (standard type B1), the basic principles of security object and use the data and / or methodologies determine how they can be applied to standards such as SA should be used as appropriate means of verification, and c) set (standard type B2) specifications for the design and construction of devices, as well as to the means test, d) establish, if necessary, and appropriate, more than one type of requirements, while allowing for different applications and ensuring compliance with the manual. Note - the basis of specified types of claims can be: - the severity of possible harm from the dangerous - the frequency and duration of the dangerous situation - the probability of occurrence of dangerous events - an opportunity to correct or limit the damage. 4.3 Standards of type C 4.3.1 General part of each standard type C should address all significant hazards for one type of machine or group of similar machines by: a) references to the relevant and applicable standards for type B and types of claims (see 6.8.3). Note - Any standard type B can be used as a reference standard if it is suitable as a final standard type C, provided that the reference is dated. If such standards in providing a choice between various measures of protection (eg, see Tables 1 and 2 [4]), the standard type C must establish specific protection measures that should be used, and b) references to other standards (eg, standard type C), which are considered adequate, such a significant risk (see 4.4), and c) establishing security requirements in the standard C-type in cases where references to other standards are not possible or inadequate, and risk assessment and priorities need to show them (see 5.4- 5.6), and d) consideration of the preferred destination machine than the details of the construction to minimize the limitations in the design. 4.3.2 Standards related to the requirements of Annex Research Machinery Directive EEC [3] Each standard type C, corresponding to the equipment listed in [3], should be considered, or at least list all of his significant hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events . 4.3.3 Prerequisites The basic principle is that the standards of type C must contain sufficient conditions to allow designers and manufacturers to carry out the necessary requirements of Machinery Directive EEC [3], as well as appropriate recommendations ES/EAST1). Therefore, standards such as C should make it clear that: - the scope (see 5.3 and 6.4) - all significant risk (see 6.7) - Conditions in the event of further assessment (see 4.3.4, 5.7 and 6.8) - Validator protection measures (see 5.8 and 6.9). __________________ 1) European Commission / European Free Trade Association. This means that the standard type C should address all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events that are identified as arising from the use of the machine. The exception to this comprehensive review of significant hazards, hazardous situations and events is justified when the standard type C considers one or more hazards that are significant enough to warrant specific consideration. If the standard C-type deal with specific risks, it should be clearly stated in its name and in the section "Scope" (for example, the name of the standard "Safety of machinery. Measurement of noise"). Standards of type C can be designed as complete the standards, consisting of sections, or as multiple standards, which can be combined with the subsequent revision. If you choose not to address all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events (eg, due to lack of knowledge, which can cause an unacceptable delay in the development of the standard), then this should be stated in the section "Scope of" standard (see 6.4.2.2) . Thorough discussion of the need for the development of standards such as C, specifies the general requirements. General requirements are determined by the additional assessment necessary requirements, which can be used to minimize or eliminate the risk inherent in a number of specific machines, and that can be applied to all or most of these machines. Any vehicles not covered by this aspect of the general requirements must be identified as an exception. Too many exceptions to any general requirement should indicate that it is not common. The standard should not contain non-specific general principles. 4.3.4 The condition of the additional assessment of additional evaluation usually consists of a description of specific measures to protect against significant hazards, hazardous situations and events. However, it may also include a reference to the standards of the type B or other referenced standards (GOST, GOST, EN, ISO or IEC) (see 6.8 of this standard and 6.2.2, 6.6.6.2 and 6.6.6.5 of the Rules of PNE [1 ]). Note - In the absence of an approved standard type B standard general requirements or other reference standard has the following options. Allowed: - repeat all the relevant sections of the draft standard type B standard general requirements or any other suitable regulatory document - a reference to the relevant section of the draft standard, identified by number and date of introduction - a reference to specifications developed by a professional organization (eg, FEM1)); __________________________ 1) FEM - European Federation for lifting and transporting equipment. - Interact with the developer (the Working Group / Technical Committee) of the relevant standard Type B - independently provide information / technical requirements. Consideration of the significant risk through direct links to the relevant section of GOST ISO / 12100-1 or GOST ISO / 12100-2 is the only acceptable way: - when the relevant section of GOST ISO / 12100-1 or GOST ISO / 12100-2 provides sufficient additional assessment (in particular, section 5 of the Information to the consumer ") - if the development of further assessment of conditions can lead to unacceptable delays in the development of the standard. However, in this case: - must be understood in the standard that the hazard is considered inadequate in the current version of the standard - Technical Committee (TC) should make every attempt to quickly finalize the required conditions. In exceptional cases, allowed to link to the necessary requirement by citation links in Appendix A of GOST ISO / 12100-2. It is also permissible for the equipment in accordance with Annex IV [3], when the standard does not indicate the conditions further assessment, and identified as a significant risk (see 4.3.2). 4.4 The need for standards such as the development of standards for Type B (see 6.11.1) shall be made when the requirements are set to more than one type of machine or group of homogeneous machines. 4.5 in the standard deviation of type C. If type C standard contains deviations from one or more aspects or conditions considered standard for the type B, the current standard type C has the advantage over the standard type B. The reason for the deviation should be presented in the file "Standardization". 5 Preparations for Standardization 5.1 General Prior to the development of standard safety equipment should be determined by the need to use for the standard criteria set out in 5.2. Note - The result of the procedures set out in 5.2, can reveal information that should be used in "Scope" (see 5.3). The procedure in 5.3-5.8 must be performed in sequence for obtaining information that ensures the development of the standard. 5.2 Identification of need and / or priority need for standardization and / or priority of standardization determine the answers to the questions contained in 5.2, and transfers) - u): a) require that European standards of legislative bodies or other interested groups, such as industry associations, customers or associations, customers, trade unions, to prevent accidents, consumer organizations, institutions, standardization, etc., and b) whether there is a need for standards (eg terminology) for confirmation of other safety standards, and c) whether there are hazards, hazardous situations and events that create a risk to safety or health, and d) whether there is currently or will in the foreseeable future, such a large number of homogeneous machines or equipment which justifies the development of standards, and e) whether there are national standards (specifications), containing requirements (either directly or by reference to other documents) that can create trade barriers for European and domestic markets; e) There are acknowledged as national or international standards or other standards to expect a positive and quick results; g) whether there is sufficient competence collected expertise for standardization and) whether there are enough professional experts, the project manager and support (secretariat, funding sources). 5.3 Identification of the scope must be set the exact boundaries of the machine or group of similar machines, subject to standardization (see 5.1 Standard ISO / 12100-1), including: a) a machine or group of similar machines, and b) to establish the intended use machines (see . 3.12 Standard ISO / 12100-1), c) the definition of spatial boundaries (see 5.1 Standard ISO / 12100-1) and d) the definition of the projected service life e) verification of the scope, e) a statement nerassmatrivaemyh machines and / or hazards. General specifications GOST 2.702-75 Unified system for design documentation. Rules for making electronic circuits with GOST 2.752-71 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Robot device GOST 2.755-87 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Device switching and contact connections GOST 2.756-76 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Is often perceived electromechanical devices GOST 2.757-81 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Elements of the switching field for switching systems GOST 2.758-81 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Signal Technology GOST 2.762-85 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Frequencies and frequency bands for transmission systems GOST 2.763-85 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Device with a pulse-code modulation GOST 2.764-86 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Integrated optoelectronic display elements GOST 2.768-90 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams.

GOST R EH 414-2002 UDC 62-783:614.8:331.454:001.4:006.354 Group T51 RUSSIAN STATE STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT Regulation of development and design standards for safety Safety of machinery. Rules for the drafting and presentation of safety standards ISS 13.110 OKS 0012 Effective date 7/1/2003 Preface 1 developed and submitted by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 10 "Basic general technical standards. Evaluation of effectiveness and risk management ", 2 adopted and put into operation the Decree Russian State Standard of 29 May 2002. № 211-Article 3 of this standard is identical to the text of the European standard EN 414-2000 "Safety of machinery. Design rules and design standards for safety "4 first introduced the development Introduction The purpose of this standard, containing an identical text of the European standard EN 414-2000, - to give designers, equipment manufacturers and other interested parties to the basic design rules and design standards for safety equipment in order to achieve harmonization European legislation. This standard - one set of standards for "Safety Equipment", developed in response to "Machinery Directive" (98/37/EES). 1 Scope This Standard specifies requirements for the development and design standards for safety equipment to ensure the harmonization of national (Russian) standards with the regional (European) standards. This standard contains requirements that complement the requirements of GOST R 1.0, 1.5, and GOST rules PNE [1], if necessary, taking into account the special requirements for equipment safety standards ISO / IEC Guide 51 [2]. This standard, relating to the standards of the type A (3.1), used primarily for the development of standards for the type C (3.3), it can also be used to develop standards for the type B (3.2), but provides the deviation in the construction of these standards do not permit universal application this standard. If the requirements clearly relate to the standards of the type B, it points to. 2 Normative references in this standard references to the following standards: GOST ISO / 12100-1-2001 safety equipment. Basic concepts, general principles for design. Part 1. Basic terms, methods of GOST ISO / 12100-2-2002 Safety of machinery. Basic concepts, general principles for design. Part 2. Technical rules and technical requirements of GOST R 1.0-92 State Standardization System of the Russian Federation. Key provisions of GOST R 1.5-92 State Standardization System of the Russian Federation. General requirements for the construction, presentation, execution and maintenance of standards of GOST R 51344-99, Safety of machinery. Principles of assessment and determine the risk of EH 1070-981) safety equipment. Terms and definitions __________________ 1) Translation - in VNIIK. 3 Definitions in this standard use the terms in accordance with GOST EH 1070. Additionally, this standard, the following terms and definitions: 3.1 Type A standards (basic safety standards): Standards contain the basic concepts, design principles and general aspects that can be applied to equipment of all kinds. 3.2 Type B standards (standards group issues safety): The standards that apply to one aspect of safety or to the same type of protective device that can be applied to a wide range of equipment: - type B1 apply to certain aspects of security (eg, a safe distance, surface temperature, noise); - type B2 applies to devices that provide security (eg, two-hand control device, the locking device). 3.3 Type C standards (machine safety standards): The standards contain detailed requirements for the safety of certain types of machines or a group of similar machines. Note - a group of similar machines - machines like the intended use that could create similar hazards, hazardous situations and trigger dangerous events. 3.4 a significant risk: The risk that exists in the machine or associated with the machine as a result of one stage of the process described in GOST 51344. 3.5 a significant risk: A substantial risk that requires specific action by the designer or manufacturer to eliminate risk or reduce its extent according to risk assessment (see Figure 1). All opasnosti1) All significant risk of significant risks are considered significant risk of not rassmatrivayutsya2) ____________________ 1) The risks referred to in Annex A of GOST 51344. 2) For machines listed in Annex IV [3], the danger, at least, are listed (see 4.3.2). Figure 1 - The distribution of risks for an individual machine or group of similar machines 3.6 Additional score: A more detailed description or more detailed technical requirements for protective measures than those specified in existing standards (eg, descriptions of specific protection measures may include links to relevant standards, type B and C). Further assessment describes the current state of the basic safety requirements set out in Appendix A, Standard ISO / 12100-2. Note - The requirements for developing a standard should reflect the level of technological development at this time for this product. Further assessment prepared by the application of the product in the construction requirements to establish standards, implementation of which is achieved by agreement of interested groups. Score increases with technological progress. 4 General Principles 4.1 Standards for security in general, creating a new standard for safety, or revision of the standard is carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard, as well as the requirements of GOST ISO / 12100-1, GOST ISO / 12100-2, GOST 51344 and regulations PNE [1]. Safety standards should not contradict the basic concepts, principles of design and general aspects described in the standards of type A. The main purpose of standards for the type A - to provide designers, manufacturers and other interested parties the recommendations of the Standardization of types B and C, necessary to achieve compliance with national (Russian) legislation with European law. Indispensable element for achieving this goal is understanding the basic structure of the requirements defined in [3]. Safety standards must not repeat or paraphrase the lyrics of the other referenced standards (see 6.6.6.1 of the rules PNE [1]), but for a better understanding of safety standards is permissible repetition of the basic definitions (concepts), the application of standard and / or major requirements set forth in the Standard ISO / 12100-1, GOST ISO / 12100-2. 4.2 Standard Type B Type B Standards: a) Consider one aspect of safety (standard type B1) or a single unit that provides security (standard type B2), b) set (standard type B1), the basic principles of security object and use the data and / or methodologies determine how they can be applied to standards such as SA should be used as appropriate means of verification, and c) set (standard type B2) specifications for the design and construction of devices, as well as to the means test, d) establish, if necessary, and appropriate, more than one type of requirements, while allowing for different applications and ensuring compliance with the manual. Note - the basis of specified types of claims can be: - the severity of possible harm from the dangerous - the frequency and duration of the dangerous situation - the probability of occurrence of dangerous events - an opportunity to correct or limit the damage. 4.3 Standards of type C 4.3.1 General part of each standard type C should address all significant hazards for one type of machine or group of similar machines by: a) references to the relevant and applicable standards for type B and types of claims (see 6.8.3). Note - Any standard type B can be used as a reference standard if it is suitable as a final standard type C, provided that the reference is dated. If such standards in providing a choice between various measures of protection (eg, see Tables 1 and 2 [4]), the standard type C must establish specific protection measures that should be used, and b) references to other standards (eg, standard type C), which are considered adequate, such a significant risk (see 4.4), and c) establishing security requirements in the standard C-type in cases where references to other standards are not possible or inadequate, and risk assessment and priorities need to show them (see 5.4- 5.6), and d) consideration of the preferred destination machine than the details of the construction to minimize the limitations in the design. 4.3.2 Standards related to the requirements of Annex Research Machinery Directive EEC [3] Each standard type C, corresponding to the equipment listed in [3], should be considered, or at least list all of his significant hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events . 4.3.3 Prerequisites The basic principle is that the standards of type C must contain sufficient conditions to allow designers and manufacturers to carry out the necessary requirements of Machinery Directive EEC [3], as well as appropriate recommendations ES/EAST1). Therefore, standards such as C should make it clear that: - the scope (see 5.3 and 6.4) - all significant risk (see 6.7) - Conditions in the event of further assessment (see 4.3.4, 5.7 and 6.8) - Validator protection measures (see 5.8 and 6.9). __________________ 1) European Commission / European Free Trade Association. This means that the standard type C should address all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events that are identified as arising from the use of the machine. The exception to this comprehensive review of significant hazards, hazardous situations and events is justified when the standard type C considers one or more hazards that are significant enough to warrant specific consideration. If the standard C-type deal with specific risks, it should be clearly stated in its name and in the section "Scope" (for example, the name of the standard "Safety of machinery. Measurement of noise"). Standards of type C can be designed as complete the standards, consisting of sections, or as multiple standards, which can be combined with the subsequent revision. If you choose not to address all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events (eg, due to lack of knowledge, which can cause an unacceptable delay in the development of the standard), then this should be stated in the section "Scope of" standard (see 6.4.2.2) . Thorough discussion of the need for the development of standards such as C, specifies the general requirements. General requirements are determined by the additional assessment necessary requirements, which can be used to minimize or eliminate the risk inherent in a number of specific machines, and that can be applied to all or most of these machines. Any vehicles not covered by this aspect of the general requirements must be identified as an exception. Too many exceptions to any general requirement should indicate that it is not common. The standard should not contain non-specific general principles. 4.3.4 The condition of the additional assessment of additional evaluation usually consists of a description of specific measures to protect against significant hazards, hazardous situations and events. However, it may also include a reference to the standards of the type B or other referenced standards (GOST, GOST, EN, ISO or IEC) (see 6.8 of this standard and 6.2.2, 6.6.6.2 and 6.6.6.5 of the Rules of PNE [1 ]). Note - In the absence of an approved standard type B standard general requirements or other reference standard has the following options. Allowed: - repeat all the relevant sections of the draft standard type B standard general requirements or any other suitable regulatory document - a reference to the relevant section of the draft standard, identified by number and date of introduction - a reference to specifications developed by a professional organization (eg, FEM1)); __________________________ 1) FEM - European Federation for lifting and transporting equipment. - Interact with the developer (the Working Group / Technical Committee) of the relevant standard Type B - independently provide information / technical requirements. Consideration of the significant risk through direct links to the relevant section of GOST ISO / 12100-1 or GOST ISO / 12100-2 is the only acceptable way: - when the relevant section of GOST ISO / 12100-1 or GOST ISO / 12100-2 provides sufficient additional assessment (in particular, section 5 of the Information to the consumer ") - if the development of further assessment of conditions can lead to unacceptable delays in the development of the standard. However, in this case: - must be understood in the standard that the hazard is considered inadequate in the current version of the standard - Technical Committee (TC) should make every attempt to quickly finalize the required conditions. In exceptional cases, allowed to link to the necessary requirement by citation links in Appendix A of GOST ISO / 12100-2. It is also permissible for the equipment in accordance with Annex IV [3], when the standard does not indicate the conditions further assessment, and identified as a significant risk (see 4.3.2). 4.4 The need for standards such as the development of standards for Type B (see 6.11.1) shall be made when the requirements are set to more than one type of machine or group of homogeneous machines. 4.5 in the standard deviation of type C. If type C standard contains deviations from one or more aspects or conditions considered standard for the type B, the current standard type C has the advantage over the standard type B. The reason for the deviation should be presented in the file "Standardization". 5 Preparations for Standardization 5.1 General Prior to the development of standard safety equipment should be determined by the need to use for the standard criteria set out in 5.2. Note - The result of the procedures set out in 5.2, can reveal information that should be used in "Scope" (see 5.3). The procedure in 5.3-5.8 must be performed in sequence for obtaining information that ensures the development of the standard. 5.2 Identification of need and / or priority need for standardization and / or priority of standardization determine the answers to the questions contained in 5.2, and transfers) - u): a) require that European standards of legislative bodies or other interested groups, such as industry associations, customers or associations, customers, trade unions, to prevent accidents, consumer organizations, institutions, standardization, etc., and b) whether there is a need for standards (eg terminology) for confirmation of other safety standards, and c) whether there are hazards, hazardous situations and events that create a risk to safety or health, and d) whether there is currently or will in the foreseeable future, such a large number of homogeneous machines or equipment which justifies the development of standards, and e) whether there are national standards (specifications), containing requirements (either directly or by reference to other documents) that can create trade barriers for European and domestic markets; e) There are acknowledged as national or international standards or other standards to expect a positive and quick results; g) whether there is sufficient competence collected expertise for standardization and) whether there are enough professional experts, the project manager and support (secretariat, funding sources). 5.3 Identification of the scope must be set the exact boundaries of the machine or group of similar machines, subject to standardization (see 5.1 Standard ISO / 12100-1), including: a) a machine or group of similar machines, and b) to establish the intended use machines (see . 3.12 Standard ISO / 12100-1), c) the definition of spatial boundaries (see 5.1 Standard ISO / 12100-1) and d) the definition of the projected service life e) verification of the scope, e) a statement nerassmatrivaemyh machines and / or hazards. 5.4 Identification of hazards, hazardous situations and events (see 6.7) Given in Appendix A of GOST R 51344 list must identify: a) the hazards that may be caused by the equipment (see Section 4 of GOST ISO / 12100-1) b ) dangerous situation for each hazard, given the different modes of operation of the machine and the various operations operator intervention, and c) the dangerous events that can cause harm. 5.5 Assessing the risk caused by the hazard (see section 6 of Standard ISO / 12100-1 or GOST R 51344); 5.5.1 Risk assessment includes: a) evaluation of the severity of possible harm of the considered hazards (see 6.2 Standard ISO / 12100-1), b) provide probability estimates for the injury (see 6.2 Standard ISO / 12100-1), which is a function of: - the impact on staff danger (eg, frequency, duration of stay in the danger zone) - the probability of presence of dangerous Event - technical and human capacities to avoid harm or loss. 5.5.2 Definition of risk after risk assessment should be carried out quantification of risk to determine whether to reduce the risk or safety is ensured (see section 8 of GOST 51344). 5.6 Definition of security tasks, hazards, hazardous situations and events, to which must be established safety requirements and / or protective measures (see Figure 2 Standard ISO / 12100-1). When using the results of the procedure according to 5.4 and 5.5 should be defined: a) security tasks, and b) significant hazards, hazardous situations and events for which will be sufficient reference to other standards for safety and / or measures to achieve the objectives of security, and c) a significant risk hazardous situations and events, which require special safety and / or protective measures in the standard for achieving the objectives of security. 5.7 Definition of security requirements and / or protective measures to eliminate hazards and / or control the risks (see 6.8.2) A sequence of definitions: a) with the help of affirmative action without the use of technological protection measures (see Section 3 Standard ISO / 12100-2 ) and b) by means of technical protection measures (see Section 4 of GOST ISO / 12100-2) and c) informing the consumer (see section 5 of GOST ISO / 12100-2). Note - In principle, should provide affirmative action to eliminate the risk or reduce its extent, rather than relying, whenever possible, to use certain safety devices or other safety measures. If this is not something to be installed other means to ensure security, and it must be used shown in Figure 2 Standard ISO / 12100-1 three-step method. Should also be taken into account all stages of life cycle machine according to GOST 03.11 ISO / 12100-1. 5.8 The compliance of the safety and / or protection measures set out in 5.6 and 5.7 (see 6.9) for each safety and / or protective measures should be defined as necessary and possible, the verification method: a) test (eg, functional test two-handed control device, test the strength of guards), and b) calculations (eg, center of gravity), and c) measurement (eg measurement noise), and d) any other method of testing when the tests and calculations are not suitable (for example, external examination). Must be determined whether it is possible to resort to tests / calculations (or other methods to verify compliance) established in other standards, and, if necessary, to develop similar methods. 6 Structure Safety Standard 6.1 Overall Structure of the Safety Standard shall comply with the requirements of GOST R 1.5, rules PNE [1] (see Appendix B) and specific requirements of international standards for safety equipment according to 6.2-6.11. Note - The standard does not necessarily include all the normative technical elements specified in Appendix B. The standard may include other normative technical elements other than those specified. As a species, and sequence placement of normative technical elements must be defined in accordance with the requirements for developing standards. Usually it is desirable to include any element (eg, charts, tables), which may contribute to the understanding of the standard. If you need to normative reference, such as ISO / IEC standard, it should: a) repeat the text of ISO / IEC standard in the main part of the standard, mandatory application and, clearly indicating its source, to write: "(extract from ISO / IEC... ) and b) a reference to a specific section or subsection of ISO / IEC (without repeating the text), and c) a reference to the entire ISO / IEC standard, if applicable (eg, test methods). Before we give the standard reference to ISO / IEC should determine not whether the standard ISO / IEC references that can lead to a contradiction with the Russian and / or European law. NOTE - Normative references in the standard for regulatory documents other than documents of CEN / SENELEK or ISO / IEC, should be avoided. If necessary, we should adhere to certain policies (see 4.3.4). Section 6.2 "Preface" Preface is an indispensable element in the standards, it does not contain a chapter number and must comply with 3.3 of GOST R 1.5 and 6.1.3 of the rules PNE [1]. Section 6.3 Introduction 6.3.1 The introduction is not a required element of the standard, but it must be contained in all standards for safety equipment and comply with 3.5 of GOST R 1.5 and 6.1.4 of the rules PNE [1]. If the object is covered by the standard type B GOST ISO / 12100-1 or GOST ISO / 12100-2, it must provide a link to the relevant section of these standards. 6.3.2 As a minimum requirement of each standard type C should be included the following entry: "This standard is a standard type C - GOST EH 1070. Considered equipment and coverage and review of hazards, hazardous situations and events indicate in the "Scope" of this standard. If the requirements of the standard type C differs from the requirements set forth in the standards of the type A or B, then the requirements of the standard type C will take precedence over the requirements of other standards for cars, which are designed and manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the standard type C ". 6.3.3 As a minimum requirement of each standard type B should be included the following entry: "This standard is a standard Type B - EN, GOST 1070. The requirements of this standard may be supplemented or amended according to the standard type C. Note - For machines that are included in the section "Scope of" standard type C and are designed and manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard, the standard requirements of type C will take precedence over the requirements of this In the standard type. Section 6.4 "Scope" 6.4.1 "Scope", including the area of ??distribution, is an indispensable element of the standard. It should match the 3.7 GOST R 1.5 and 6.2.1 of the rules PNE [1] and should be determined using the results of the procedure outlined in 5.3. Partitions are numbered one (1). 6.4.2 Applications must indicate the following: 6.4.2.1 Boundaries of machines, preferably with the help of physical characteristics, and aspects such as, for example, intended use (see 3.12 and 5.1 of GOST ISO / 12100-1). 6.4.2.2 are taken into account is contained in the standard measure of protection against all or only some of the dangers. Should take into account the dangers arising at different stages of the life cycle of the machine, as described in 3.11 of GOST ISO / 12100-1. Significant hazards to be considered in the standard (see 3.5 and Figure 1) must be referred to each: a) by listing them in the section "Scope", when there are only some of them, and b) by a declaration that they considered and by reference to a separate section (see 6.7). In this case nerassmatrivaemye significant hazards must be listed in the section "Scope". 6.4.2.3 are taken into account whether additional structural security measures for the equipment of a certain type (for example, the requirements of hygiene for the food industry). 6.4.3 Applications must indicate that the standard does not apply to equipment manufactured before the date of publication of the standard. Note - In case of revision of the standard for the safety of its developers should take into consideration the transitional period of the previous and revised editions. As a minimum requirement in the section "Scope" must be included the following entry: "This standard does not apply to equipment that is manufactured before the date of publication of this standard." 6.5 The section "Normative References" This section is a must-standard, it must conform to 3.8 GOST R 1.5 and 6.2.2 of the rules PNE [1]. Section should be numbered. In this section, shall be listed only those standards for which are given in the text of the normative references. Therefore, at least, should be given a reference to the following standards: GOST ISO / 12100-1, GOST ISO / 12100-2, EN Standard 1070. Should not use this standard as a normative reference (although it is used for the development and design). Links to the ISO / IEC must comply with the rules of 6.6.6.5 PNE [1] and be dated (for details see [5]). If you want to link for information purposes only, it should be introduced to account (see also the standards of GOST R, GOST, EN), and reference standards should be specified in the last annex entitled "Bibliography" (see 6.11.2), but not in the section "Normative References". 6.6 The section "Definitions and Abbreviations" 6.6.1 This section is an indispensable element of the standard. He must comply with 3.9 and 3.10 of GOST R 1.5, 6.3.1, 6.3.2 and Annex G of the rules PNE [1]. Section should be numbered. As a minimum standard in each of types B and C should be included the following entry: "In this standard the terms and definitions for the Standard EN 1070. 6.6.2 If there is a need for some term or definition, is not contained in the Standard EN 1070, or in some other regional (European) standard, ISO or IEC, or if you want to improve or limit the existing definition, then should be a new definition. Note - Avoid combinations of words "security" with the name of the facility or equipment. We recommend that you replace the word "security" indicating the purpose or characteristics (for example: "synchronous two-handed control" instead of "safe two-handed control"). 6.6.3 If you want to define symbols or abbreviations (especially in the standards for test methods), this optional element must conform to rules 6.3.2 PNE [1]. Section 6.7 "List of significant hazards" This section is required in accordance with 6.4.2.2, list b). This section requires the presence of certain hazardous areas, the considerable risk of significant hazards (conditions that expose personnel to these hazards), significant hazardous events. A section can contain a link to a separate subsection "Safety requirements and / or protective measures," in which the dangerous, dangerous situation or event. Significant hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events should be listed in the order specified in Annex A of GOST 51344. Notes 1 Note that this list in Annex A of GOST 51344 is not exhaustive, particularly with regard to dangerous situations. 2 developers of standards such as C have a tendency to reproduce a list of all possible hazards, hazardous situations and events described in GOST 51344, and to celebrate, what dangers should be considered, which should not be considered. This standard requires are listed in the section considered significant hazards, hazardous situations and events defined in the risk assessment that takes into account all possible hazards, hazardous situations and events. Distinction between "significant risk", "great danger" and "danger" explained in Figure 1. If additional evaluation is not given in the section "Safety requirements and / or protection measures" or under "Consumer Information" (because of the possible reasons listed in 4.3), the degree of consideration of the significant risk of standards is not enough. For practical reasons, may combine the sections "The list of significant hazards, hazardous situations and events" and "Safety requirements and / or protective measures" in the structure of which for each hazard emit dangerous situations and the relevant safety requirements and / or protective measures. Section 6.8 "Safety requirements and / or protective measures," This section is an indispensable element of the standard. He must comply with rules 6.3.3 PNE [1]. Section should be numbered. As a minimum requirement of each standard type C should be included the following entry: "The equipment shall meet the requirements of safety and / or protective measures pursuant to this section. In addition, the machine should be designed according to the principles of GOST ISO / 12100-1, GOST ISO / 12100-2 for significant hazards, but not for the considerable risk that these standards are not considered (eg, sharp edges). 6.8.1 Each standard should contain a section on safety requirements and / or protective measures, to be applied to reduce the impact of all hazards, established in accordance with 5.6, enumeration b) and c), and considered the standard. Safety requirements and / or protective measures should be defined in accordance with 5.7. For all the significant hazards must be identified protective measures to avoid or minimize harm to it directly or by reference to another standard and / or the section "Consumer Information". 6.8.2 To minimize the limitations in the design of safety standards should establish requirements in terms of set objectives and then offer the means to accomplish them with examples or technical conditions for testing. Safety requirements must be defined precisely enough to make checks. Notes 1 In many standards such as C is necessary to establish suitable means for achieving the set objectives, such as certain types (species), protective measures, etc., to facilitate the adequacy of safety requirements and / or protective measures or to provide examples of known and proven solutions to achieve and maintaining adequate security. 2 If the problem reached a similar way, then to reduce the risk may be given more than one solution. 3 Measures of protection depending on the objectives and measures defined by the data, boundaries, outcomes and conditions that provide practical tools to perform tasks may be set together or in separate sections. Certain security requirements and / or protective measures should be expressed in terms of available test performance of relative security, with more operating characteristics (parameters) along with their meanings than simply descriptive characteristics. 6.8.3 If you use the requirements contained in the standards of type A or B, then link to them must be given in accordance with 4.3. If there are no standards for type A or B and general requirements (which are valid for several types of machines) are included in the standard C-type, then these claims should be submitted preferably in the mandatory standard applications, type C (see Appendix A). If you use the protective measures specified in another standard, in this section shall be given a specific reference. 6.8.4 Standards of type B should provide a further assessment (more specific and / or more detailed terms and conditions) to the mandatory requirements of the directive BES [3] and / or standards for types A and C should provide a further assessment of the conditions specified in the standards of types A and B Thus, the mandatory requirements. More details on the additional assessment, see 4.3. 6.8.5 Protective measures should be stated clearly and in understandable language, to: a) they achieve their objectives, b) is technically correct and accurate, and c) clearly expresses what is a measure of the advisory or mandatory, which in accordance with Annex E of the rules PNE [1] should be used in appropriate verbal forms, and d) could be tested in accordance with 5.8 and 6.9. Note - Do not use subjective terms, if they are not defined in the standard or incompatible with the method of verification. General specifications GOST 2.702-75 Unified system for design documentation. Rules for making electronic circuits with GOST 2.752-71 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Robot device GOST 2.755-87 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Device switching and contact connections GOST 2.756-76 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Is often perceived electromechanical devices GOST 2.757-81 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Elements of the switching field for switching systems GOST 2.758-81 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Signal Technology GOST 2.762-85 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Frequencies and frequency bands for transmission systems GOST 2.763-85 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Device with a pulse-code modulation GOST 2.764-86 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Integrated optoelectronic display elements GOST 2.768-90 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams.