Installation of electrical wiring in the house starts with the switchboard, which are devices of electricity consumption and an automatic emergency power outage. Modern emergency shutdown device must be provided with protection, as against short circuit and overload the network. For example, modern circuit breakers have a magnetic circuit breaker, an instant (up to 6 ms) disconnecting the electricity in the event of short circuit currents, as well as termopreryvatel, triggered by the inclusion of too many electrical appliances. In addition, the need to protect against leakage current - the installation of protective devices (RCD). It protects against electric shock by insulation failure when the stress falls on the body malfunctioning appliance. It is also important competently assess their energy needs and to tailor them to the possibilities of electricity. Consumption of electricity during the day can vary significantly. Every morning there is a situation when you need to quickly heat up breakfast on the electric stove or in microwave (10 kW), warm water in a kettle (2 kW) and fry the toast (1,0 kW). If all of these devices connect to one machine gun, the network can quickly lose their power. Proper distribution of loads to avoid similar troubles. Reliability, durability and safety wiring is largely determined by the choice of wires. In modern construction is not recommended to use a current-carrying cable is made of aluminum: the metal susceptible to corrosion, changes over time its crystal structure, and thus the conductive properties. Increasing internal resistance leads to loss of electric power and heating cables and connections. Copper - the metal with lower resistivity, has a high ductility and resistance to corrosion, so during electrical work often use copper wires. For wiring, for example, can be used wire VVG (vinyl-vinyl-flexible) with double vinyl-insulated, and even better cable for electrical work - NYM, which in addition to the double vinyl insulation is a layer of silicone with a special flame-retardant additives. When heated, the silicone hardens, coke, and preventing run-off isolation, and thus short-circuiting, even if the cable is vertical. Other common types of domestic wire have the stamps - PUNP, PBPP, PVA. PUNP and VVG - a wire with two or three copper conductors monolithic. Their cross section can be 1,5, 2,5, 4 and 6 mm2. Each has lived isolated from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and imposed from above, another common insulation. In VVG insulation withstands up to 1000, while the wire marks PUNP - only 660 W. In general, for an urban apartment or cottage, where the voltage of 220 V, and will fit PUNPP and VVG. PBPP and PVA - a wire, where each vein is not monolithic, but consists of many thin "veins". These wires expensive, but they can be bent during installation in a most peculiar way. PBPP are two-and three-core and PVA - three-and four-core (The four are needed in the case when the network is three-phase plus ground), but this inner-city apartments do not usually see them, unless, of course, there are no saunas. Further, what matters most - the section of wire: what it means, and that depends on it. For lighting the apartment is usually enough wires with conductor cross-section 1.5 mm2. At the outlet, which is supposed to connect an ordinary household appliances - a desk lamp, iron, radio, you can select the wire cross section 2.5 mm2. For power users - electric stoves, air conditioners - use wires with cross section 4 mm 2. If the plate is very "fancy", but you also like to include simultaneously all the burners and grill, it is better to take the lead with section 6 mm2. The most powerful consumers of electricity, like the sauna for a few people need to be conducted with a 10-mm housing. But this is more for the cottage - in the ordinary town house this load can not stand the main wires in the entryway. Wiring should be carried out strictly within the walls horizontally or vertically, and in the floor slabs - parallel to the walls. These rules are explained in order to make it easier to find the wire. Error here is fraught with tragic consequences: there were cases where people died, stumbled on an electric wiring. As for grounding, then quite a long time, this operation became mandatory, the wiring in homes runs only three-core wire, one of which is "land". Its main function is protection from electric shock. A stroke may occur if the metal casing of the appliance (eg, plates) somehow gets stress. If the plate is grounded, the electricity just goes to ground. The wiring can carry inside the walls, floors and ceilings (so-called concealed wiring), and on their surface. Absolute advantage of flush is that the cables and connections are hidden and do not interfere with aesthetic perception of the interior. Installation and repair of such wiring does not require much material and labor costs, if the room walls are drywall, suspended ceilings and raised floors. Such designs tend to have a modular structure and easy to understand. If the walls of concrete or brick, this procedure gets more complicated. Today, for the construction of the hidden wiring increasingly popular among linemen gets a plastic corrugated pipe made of PVC and HDPE. It is, firstly, is more insulated cable: excludes the possibility of electric shock if damaged cable. Secondly, the pipe - mechanical protection of cables from damage, and a guarantee of safety and quality of the network. Third, the time for installation in the pipe is spent considerably less, since the manufacture of it lays a steel cable-broaching. Fourth, the material of construction of the pipe, eliminates the possibility of ignition from the cable and the spread of flame along the pipe and other cables. Produced several series of corrugated pipes, depending on the requirements of safety regulations during construction. Tubes for use in conditions of various loads carried diameter of 16-63 mm, with varying wall thickness and have all the necessary certificates. In the event that there is no possibility or desire to hammer away at the wall, use an open wiring. The ideal solution for this installation - enter the wire in the cable channels (or ducts). Plastic or aluminum cable channels are easily mounted on walls. The flexibility of the plastic boxes allows you to install them on the wall with an uneven surface, and they repeated bending walls. Sockets and switches - the final devices in the wiring. They touch our hands, they are constantly under review. High security, attractive appearance - important qualities required of these products. Different colors, ability to set multi-colored decorative plates, a variety of forms as the most modern and retro style which can satisfy the most discerning taste. When choosing to evaluate the power outlet, plug appliances. The main parameter for the switch - the number of turned on and off: for the quality product it must be at least 40 000 cycles. Apart from the usual outlets and switches, solid companies involved in manufacture of wiring accessories, produce switching devices. For example, the power control of electric lighting will gradually turn on and off the light in the room. Switch with a timer can be used to control the stairwell. Motion detector, when a man in his field of detection, automatically turn on the light. There are special sockets and switches to operate in damp rooms: bathrooms, saunas, etc. The concepts of warmth and comfort in the home include convenience, safety and beauty. Correctly executed wiring contributes to the implementation of these qualities in full.
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