Chopped walls made of logs

The most simple and short-lived construction of wooden walls - walls made of chopped logs. Now there are different types of ready-made houses, baths and other buildings made of logs that you can buy and collect on the site. However, financial opportunities do not always carry such a project. In rural areas, especially in forested areas can be significantly cheaper to buy the necessary materials and build a log house. Therefore, we begin with a brief description of chopped walls. Log chopped walls consist of logs, stacked one on another in horizontal rows and connected in the corners vrubkami. Wall choosing trees with a straight trunk escaping from less than 1 cm to 1 m in length (for logging chopped walls is desirable to produce in the winter when the wood is less susceptible to shrinkage, rotting and warping). The thickness of the beams is determined depending on weather conditions, but should not be less than 10 cm at the design outdoor temperature of -20 ° C, no less than 12 cm at the design temperature of -30 ° C and not less than 14-16 cm at -40 ° C . Tend to choose logs with a diameter of at least 20 cm long logs shall be determined in accordance with the design of the house. Walls are used in cutting logs with an average humidity of 80-90%. The assembled frame for drying is less deformed, thus cutting timbered walls often operates near the site of installation and stack the logs "dry", without a tow. After the end of cutting walls should stand from 6 to 12 months. During this time the moisture content is reduced by 3-5 times. Once the logs dry up in the wooden house, their label, dismantle and erect framework already in tow, to a pre-prepared foundation. Begins the construction of walls with training logs. Oshkurennye logs protesyvayutsya so that between the upper and lower diameter of the difference was less than 3 cm if the top log diameter 20 cm, such logs for a device log cabins in the middle lane is not used. Next, the logs are cut accordingly selected the length of the walls, trying to edge perpendicular to the axis of the log. Such a requirement is due to the fact that the further ligation corners, if the perpendicularity are not met, it will be difficult. If the logs do have a conical shape, pick up the thick and thin ends in one corner (make "raskomlevku). At the bottom lay wreaths better (of course, if there are any) are thick logs of pine, larch and oak. The logs are picked up yet and as follows: in the wall with windows -5 crowns lower, 3.2 upper, a wall with doors - 2 crown bottom, 5 top. It is also necessary in the middle height of the wall to miss the solid crown. In the openings, this crown and then cut. Laying the walls start from the bottom (okladnogo) rim of thicker logs hewn on two edge: One - the call inside the house, the other - from the basement. Rims are rallying round in a groove, which is selected from the bottom of each log and to give stability, crowns each band vertical push-pins of rectangular or circular cross-section height of 10-12 cm, placing them in each row in a staggered manner in 1-1,5 m along the length of the framework. In the spaces should have at least two studs at a distance of 15-20 cm from the edges. Chop the log walls with the remainder and without residue. When cutting with the remainder "in oblo", "the cup" the ends of logs bypassed for the outer face of the walls on the diameter of logs (Fig. 48a, 48b). When cutting "in a cup" at the expense of angular residues lost about 0,5 m at each balance beam, and projecting the ends of logs difficult veneer paneling or exterior walls. On the other hand, when cutting "in a cup" house angles obtained windproof. Fig. 48a. Operation in cutting "in oblo": a - marking cups, b - cutting cups; in - marking the groove, d, e - cutting the oval groove (dotted line shows the boundaries of the groove) 1-line 2 - line marking 3 - bordering the groove; 4 - depth of groove 5 - notches, 6 - Figure the groove. 48b. Operation in cutting "in oblo": a - cutting corners, b - srashivanie logs the manufacture chetyrehstennogo log for laying the first crown of the lower two logs are placed along the lines of two opposite walls of the timber is placed across the other two and make a cutting of the cup. Make the marks on both ends, turn over logs and identified risks are cut cups, setting the beam into place, check its density planting and customize. Bottom of the logs of all crowns, but lower than cups, dado, to this end by outlining the contours of the cross section groove on both sides of logs, causing risks to the width of the slot, who then choose an ax. Further, the log is laid in place. To sustain the overall horizontality, the logs are laid butt in different directions. In addition to the lower crown, allowed short butt logs vertical ridge, but no more than one joint at a crown, and these joints shall not be placed above each other. And in the upper crown butt logs is an oblique tension lock with a tooth. Felling residues (in the paw ") begins with the layout of vertical diameters. Plumb line is attached to each end of the logs in the middle and a plumb line is outlined in pencil. Without such markings will be hampered further operations on ligation of the corners. Ligation of the angles being "in the paw", "close your legs" make using a special template on a sheet of paper draw the two equal circles, equal to the average diameter logs. If the logs have a different diameter, the average is equal to the sum of the diameters of all logs in the corner, divided by the number of logs in the corner. Through the center of the circle from two perpendicular lines, connecting them to the circle - get inscribed in a circle square. Two vertical opposite sides of the divide into 8 pieces, the other two - 2. After the last point of conducting a vertical line. This line at rascherchivanii at the end of the logs will be combined with conducted at the end of the vertical diameter. On the sides, divided into eight parts, the point band, as shown in Fig. 49. The first pattern (№ 1) has a part 6 / 8 and 4 / 8, the second (№ 2) - side 4/8i 2 / 8. Further, these patterns are transferred to the plywood and cut out. Where procherchena vertical bar, make small cuts, label templates. Pattern number 1 is applied to the end of the logs in the middle, combining cuts with a dash of vertical diameter, and encircle the contour; side 4 / 8 is on the outside corner. Then begin to close the log, obtesyvaya it on both sides of 0.5 m. Further protesyvayut side facing towards the carcass, rascherchivayut rest of the "legs". Fig. 49. Drawing Template walls "in the paw": 1 - plotting the square of the average radius of the log, 2 -: Breakdown sides of the square and drawing templates, and 3 - ready-made templates, 4 - sequence rascherchivaniya "feet" on the balance beam, 5 - end of the log cabin, 6 - ready to "paw" If the logs have an average diameter of less than 0,22 m, the sides of the squares are divided not by 8, and 12 parts. Side band, templates should have a hand: 8 / 12 and 6 / 12 - the first and the second - 6 / 12 and 4 / 12. In the extreme upper and lower crowns cutouts "legs" are doing on the part of contiguity of neighboring crowns. The next stage - podteska bed logs. There are two types podteski: semi-circular groove and a flat priteska, the width of protesannoy bed equal to the radius logs. The second type proteski easier, and logs are adjacent to each other more tightly. Horizontal rallying logs in log cabin is depicted in Fig. 50. Pins are usually made of 10-12 mm of wire, being driven into the holes every 2 m on the wall raises two Nagel. Fig. 50. Rallying in the blockhouse of logs: a - rallying vpritesku on metal Nagel b - rallying into the groove on a wooden dowel, in -: unit dowel d - placing dowel length logs, e, f - placing dowel on the wall (dimensions in cm) Balance Beam put to the tow, but the "clutches", where the joint must be tight. Now on sale is a tow in rolls; at 1 meter slot requires about 0.4 kg tow. Warming angles perform vertical boards, under which lay a layer of oakum, or two layers of roofing material. Previously, often used instead of the tow moss, for example, "Kukushkin flax, which, gathering and protects against drying. Before laying the moss is desirable to dampen the solution: 0,5 l green oil, 0.2 kg of soap on a bucket of water.: Caulk the seams after the shut-off devices and roofs. Better to use the tow in the rolls, if it does not, then tow laying manually and then face down special konopatkami. Draught chopped walls in a year reaches 10-20 cm in the house a height of 3 m. Therefore, the second konopatku make in a year, and over the door and window openings leave a gap of about 5% of the height of the opening. You want your home was not cold in the first year the gap scoring board, before filling in this tow. The depth of the holes for the dowels to exceed the height of the dowel to 1,5-2 cm before installing a log house on the leveled surface of the basement waterproofing stack of roofing material, then a wide, impregnated with bitumen board-lining thickness of 5-6 cm, steles tow and placed the first wreath, which associated with the foundation with anchor rods (Fig. 51). At him, and on tow - the second, etc. In the window openings and door jambs inserted (Fig. 52), the angles of the walls veneer planks (Fig. 53). Fig. 51. Securing the anchor Fig. 52. Installation of door and window boxes: a - spike, b - oakum; in - box Fig. 53. Sewn corner log: a - Felt, b - Gloss