The sun for a home

Alexey Tyurin fee for the use of energy has been steadily increasing, which causes resentment of the population, because as soon as all expensive. Theme of ecology and reduce the costs of energy is discussed for decades, but the application is still in the single variants, relative to the entire globe. And what a shame, often abroad. In Germany, several years conducted the program "A hundred thousand solar roofs." The United States operates a larger scale, there, over the decades has successfully promoted a similar program "Million Solar Roofs". In the U.S., the program began in the twentieth century in the 70's. Over 15 years investment in the sector totaled $ 38 billion now, after 32 years of providing solar energy is more than 4 mln.GDzh. It is used to provide hot water, heating, air heating, drying of agricultural products. In Portugal there is the biggest solar plant in the world (the region Alentejo, southern Portugal), which connects 350 000 photovoltaic panels capable of producing 62 MW. Start of production of electricity is planned for this year, and in full force and effect of central will earn in 2010. This region is economically poor and sparsely populated, but rich in innovation. The Spanish company ACCION began working for the construction of centralized power in the annual production capacity of 88 gigawatts-hours. Investments amounted to 250 million euros. In addition, there has begun building a plant for the production of solar photovoltaic panels. Moura region was chosen due to the presence of the sun on average 2500 hours per year, which will feed 350,000 panels station. The sun and wind - renewable energy, which is rich in Portugal. By 2010 the Portuguese Government intends to get at least 150 megawatts of electricity from the sun, and the station in Moura make a significant contribution, even if its annual electricity production will be less than 1% of the total energy consumption of Portugal for a year. One of the Swiss agricultural company was "Evopeyskuyu Solar Prize, awarded annually since 1994 for the best photovoltaic equipment manufactured in Europe, in the" efficiency and ingenuity. " Solar equipment, production of which started in 2006, belongs to the family farm Eberhard from Fribourg. Solar panels cover an area of ??960 sq.m., are they on the roofs of sheds, so does not spoil the landscape. Photovoltaic plant produces 100-120 megawatts-hours per year. Thus, the atmosphere does not emit about 42 tons of carbon dioxide, as is the case for the same form of production with the use of traditional energy sources such as gas or oil. The excess part of the received energy farm sells to the general Fribourg grid. The equipment will be okupleno twelve years, in addition, during this period the Swiss farming family will have an annual income of tens of thousands of francs from the sale of excess energy. The owners have assured, if designed and produced such equipment, thinking primarily about long-term benefit, something like a pension for "renewable" old age. Thus, all have long known - from the sun can get the energy that goes into heating the water and electricity. Solar cell - is a photoelectric generator in the form of a panel of the module, where numerous semiconductors perform its task: light photons knock electrons from the outer shell of atoms, the circuit is closed and generates an electrical current. Lifetime of the solar battery is not less than 25 years. Most often they use silicon cells in plates, connected in series conductors. All of this device is placed in a box made of tempered glass that provides protection from external influences. It must be noted that silicon is the second most common element in Earth's crust (the first oxygen). However, for the manufacture of solar cells require pure silicon, which is only 2% of the total amount produced. Lack of global demand for solar industry is more than 15 thousand tons of silicon a year. On this basis are integral solar power. Modern, they are of two types: - photovoltaic, which convert solar energy into electricity through photovoltaic generator; thermodynamic converting the first energy into heat and then into electricity. Moreover, the second powerful first. And the said silicon can be replaced by other semiconductors. The first experiments of production of solar energy for household purposes in Russia are reflected in artisans, domestic inventors. Next, a little more: individuals find an opportunity to equip adjacent to their home territory, such as poles with solar panels that illuminate the street, a park area at night. But the phenomenon of study and our research institutes. At present, solar projects are being spent administrative resources. Moscow begins to be equipped with solar panels that are installed on rooftops Michurinsky Avenue and Olympic Village. Stored energy until the last only for street lighting, but this is only the beginning. A striking example of the Urals became the house, built in the village growing Beloyarsk district. Specialists USTU studying the natural energy created it for themselves. From an abandoned barn turned out beautiful and comfortable house with total area of ??2400 m2. 25% of energy for yield 4-kW wind turbine and solar panels. Progress does not stand still. The view of many mistakenly, that energy production should be a bright sun. For most regions of Russia are characterized scattered sunlight and lamps for this is quite enough. Excellent yield to motorists: your solar panel will not allow battery to "sit down" with a long parking lot. What's really nothing to talk about charging the radio or phone. In the Urals solar energy should be used where there are no other sources of power - says lecturer in electrical engineering Igor V. Kirpichnikov. - While it is expensive. Over 1 W will need to pay $ 2 to 8, and up to 1 kW to $ 8000. There are also planned for other expenses: Solar panels need to be equipped with a battery, so the energy is accumulated and was, as it is available, when it is dark. In addition, each appliance to provide voltage converter because electric current from solar cells obtained permanent. In general, for the Urals use solar rather obtained as a supplement to the main source of energy. Of the total cost to the conclusion that the future energy of nature. Not so in Germany the sun is different from ours - a problem only in the financial support of projects. For example: 2020 (12 years), Sweden plans to completely eliminate the use of fossil fuels and use of natural resources by 100%.