GOST 50571.20-2000 Electrical installations of buildings. Part 4. Security requirements. Surge protection

GOST 50571.20-2000 (IEC 60364-4-444-96) UDC 696.6:006.354 Group E08 STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Electrical installations of buildings Part 4: Protection for safety Chapter 44 Surge Protection Section 444 Protection of electrical surge caused by electromagnetic influences Electrical installations of buildings. Part 4. Protection for safety. Chapter 44. Protection against overvoltages. Section 444. Protection against electromagnetic interferences (EMI) in installations of buildings OKS OKS 3402 91.140.50 29.120.50 Effective date 1/1/2002 Preface 1 to develop the All-Russian Research Institute for Electrification of Agriculture (VIESKh) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Standardization and Certification in mechanical engineering (VNIINMASH), introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 337 "Electrical residential and public buildings" 2 adopted and put into operation the Decree of the State Standard of Russia on Dec. 18, 2000 № 373-article 3 of this standard is the authentic text of the international standard IEC 60364 - 4-444-96 "Electrical installations of buildings. Part 4. Security requirements. Chapter 44. Surge protection. Section 444. Protect installations of buildings from electromagnetic radiation with additional requirements taking into account the needs of the country's economy was first introduced 4 Type This standard is part of the state standards for electrical installations of buildings developed on the basis of the standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 364 "Electrical installations of buildings." It represents the authentic text of the international standard IEC 60364-4-444-96, except section 1, the qualifying features of this standard in the national energy Section 3, which eliminates ambiguity in the interpretation of terms and requirements (in italics) to reflect the needs of various industries economy, including agricultural production. The numbering of chapters, paragraphs and subparagraphs of this standard, since section 442.1, in full conformity with the IEC 60364-4-444-96. This standard adopted the same numbering of the drawings, the same symbols as in IEC 60364-4-444-96. In some schemes this standard amended. For example, in Figure 1a shows that the voltage drop along the DU PEN conductor in the grounding system of TN-C is the sum falls DU1 + DU2 ie more on DU2, than in the TN-CS. Requirements of the standard complement, modify or supersede the requirements of other private standards set state standards for electrical installations of buildings. The absence of references to the chapter, section or paragraph of the private standard means that the relevant requirements of the standard apply to this case. 1 Scope This standard applies to electrical installations of buildings used in all sectors of the economy, regardless of their affiliation and ownership, and establishes requirements to ensure security by protecting against overvoltages caused by electromagnetic effects. It is intended to design, installation, commissioning and maintenance organizations of all forms of ownership, and professionals to develop, test and exploit the special machines and mechanisms, which are sources of strong electromagnetic fields. These include, for example, widely used in agricultural production of microwave dryers for grains, fruits, vegetables and other plant foods, microwave-vacuum systems for pre-processing of seeds, elektroplazmolizatory at high frequency currents for electrical processing of agricultural products and other requirements that complement the IEC 60364-4-444 and responsive to the needs of the economy, in italics. The requirements of this standard are mandatory. 2 Normative references in this standard references to the following standards: GOST 30331.2-95 (IEC 364-3-93) / GOST 50571.2-94 (IEC 364-3-93) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 3. Key features Standard 30331.3-95 (IEC 364-4-41-92) / GOST 50571.3-94 (IEC 364-4-41-92) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 4. Security requirements. Protection against electric shock 30331.4-95 Standard (IEC 364-4-42-80) / GOST 50571.4-94 (IEC 364-4-42-80) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 4. Security requirements. Protection against thermal effects GOST 50571.10-96 (IEC 364-5-54-80) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 5. Selection and installation of electrical equipment. Chapter 54. Earthing and protective conductors GOST 50571.21-2000 (IEC 60364-5-548-96) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 5. Selection and installation of electrical equipment. Section 548. Grounding devices and systems equalizing electrical potentials in electrical installations, containing information processing equipment GOST 50571.23-2000 (IEC 60364-7-704-89) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 7. Requirements for special installations. Section 704. Electrical construction sites 3 Definitions In this standard, the following terms. 3.1 Land (relative, reference): conductive and which is outside the zone of influence of any earthing of the earth's crust, the electric potential is assumed to be zero. 3.2 Local land: Part of the land, which is in contact with the grounding, the electric potential is influenced by current flowing from the earthing may be different from zero. In cases where the difference from zero potential of the land does not matter, instead of the term "local land" use the generic term "ground". 3.3 to 1 kV electrical installation: electrical, rated voltage not exceeding 1 kV. 3.4 conductive parts: Part ability to conduct electrical current. 3.5 neutral conductive part (neutral conductor): Part of the electrical installations that can conduct electrical current, the potential for a normal operating condition is equal or close to zero, such as housing the transformer, switchgear cabinet, casing starter wire bonding system, PEN-conductor, etc. Section 3.6 exposed conductive parts: Affordable touch-neutral conductive part. 03.07 sided conductive parts: conductive part that is not part of the installation. 3.8 Conductor: Part is designed to conduct electrical current a certain value. 3.9 live parts: Explorer or conductive parts designed to work under stress in normal operating mode of the installation. 3.10 grounding: Intentional electrical connection of the points system or plant, or equipment to the local earth through the grounding device. 3.11 earthing device: A group of earthing and grounding conductors. 3.12 Earthing: Part of the grounding device, consisting of one or more electrically interconnected grounding electrodes. 3.13 electrically independent earthing (independent earthing): Grounding, located at a distance from other earthing that currents spreading from them have no significant effect on the electrical potential of the independent earthing. 3.14 grounding conductor: The conductor that connects the grounding point of the system or plant, or equipment grounding. 3.15 grounding electrode (earthing electrode): A conductive part which is in electrical contact with the local land, either directly or through an intermediate conductive medium, such as through a layer of concrete or conductive corrosion-resistant coating. 3.16 main earthing bus (the main earth terminal): Bus or clip, which is part of the grounding device electrical installations up to 1 kW and is designed for multi-conductor electrical connection to earth. 3.17 grounding system (grounding system): The sum of the substation grounding devices, exposed conductive parts of the consumer and the neutral conductor in electrical systems up to 1 kV. 3.18 Type of ground: The indicator on the ratio of neutral to ground the transformer in the substation and the exposed conductive parts of the consumer and device neutral conductor. Designation of types of ground-30331.2/GOST GOST R 50571.2. Distinguish TN-, TT-and IT-system, the first two of which are grounded at the transformer substation, and the third - in isolation. TN-system on the device neutral conductor, in turn, is divided into TN-S-, TN-C-and TN-CS-system. 3.19 neutral: Intentional electrical connection to a neutral conducting part (neutral conductor) in electrical systems up to 1 kV grounded neutral transformer at the substation. 3.20 neutral conductor (N-conductor): The conductor in electrical systems up to 1 kV, intended for single-phase power and power consumers connected to the grounded transformer at the substation. 3.21 protective conductor (PE-conductor): The conductor in electrical systems up to 1 kV, intended for security purposes and linking the exposed conductive parts of the consumer with a grounding device. 3.22 combined zero-worker and the protective conductor (PEN-conductor): The conductor in electrical systems up to 1 kV, which combines the functions of a zero-worker and protective conductors. 3.23 Functional grounding conductor (FE-conductor): The grounding conductor in electrical up to 1 kV, which provides the normal functioning of the apparatus, the shell is at the request of the developer should not attend even the smallest electric potential (sometimes it requires a separate electrically independent earthing). 3.24 protective device (RCD): switchgear, NC circuit when current exceeds the leakage of the circuit set point (ie the differential current, ie, the portion of the total leakage current, which returned to power, bypassing the switching device). 3.25 Electrical safety division chains: Branch circuits from each other by separating the transformer windings which are separated by a core, an additional one or reinforced insulation. 3.26 equalizing electrical potential: The electrical connection of conductive parts with each other to achieve equipotential. 3.27 protective equalizing electrical potentials: Equalizing the electric potentials in order to ensure electrical safety through the elimination of electrical potential difference between all simultaneously accessible exposed conductive parts of the touch of a stationary electrical equipment and third-party conductive parts, including metal parts of the building constructions, achieved a reliable connection of these parts with one another through conductors. 3.28 The containment system of equalizing the electrical potential (protective device equalize electrical potential): The set of conductors and their connections to the conductive parts, providing a protective equalizing potentials. 3.29 potentsialouravnivayuschaya main bus (GPSH): Same as the main grounding bus, but the employee for the purpose of equalizing the electrical potential (often one and the same bus can perform both functions simultaneously). 3.30 protective lining of electric potentials: A measure to ensure electrical safety of lowering the relative difference in electrical potential between various points on the surface of the local land or conductive floor (step voltage) between these points and grounding device, or exposed conductive parts (touch voltage) in normal and emergency modes of operation, achieved a compound of the grounding device and the exposed conductive parts stacked in a local ground or floor potentsialovyravnivayuschimi conducting electrodes. 3.31 aligned electric potentials: Same as that defensive alignment, and electrical potentials, but holds not only for the purposes of electrical safety, but also for other, for example, to eliminate harmful (causing interference) stresses in the highly specialized information technology units. 3.32 potentsialovyravnivayuschy electrode: Same as the ground electrode, but used to equalize electrical potential. 3.33 potentsialovyravnivayuschaya mesh: Several potentsialovyravnivayuschih electrodes incorporated into the net to extend the alignment of electric potentials. 3.34 alignment system of electric potentials (the device alignment of electric potentials, the short UVEP): System, device, ensuring alignment of the electric potentials. 3.35 Local UVEP: UVEP on a limited area. 444.1 General Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) can disrupt and even damage the information technology systems or individual components, and equipment with electronics or radio circuit. Currents arising from lightning strikes, inrush currents at power equipment, such as the inclusion of elevators, short-circuit currents and the currents of other electromagnetic phenomena can cause significant EMI and lead to a surge in different parts of the installation. This occurs when: - we have the big metal contours (equipotential bonding system, structural metal structures or pipe systems of non-electrical purposes, such as water, gas, heating, air conditioning, etc., which can create similar induction contours) - in buildings used by various systems of wiring for electricity, as well as for signaling information systems. The stress caused by the magnetic induction depends on the rate of rise of current (di / dt) in the emitting circuit and the size of the circuit (loop). Power cables, which flow large currents with a high slew rate (cable elevators, power rectifiers, electrothermal furnaces, etc.) may cause a surge in the other parallel to the cables and wires of various information and other sensitive overvoltage devices, installations and their systems, including medical. This section is intended for architects, designers and professionals involved in designing and installing electrical equipment in buildings to meet the requirements to limit interference caused by electromagnetic radiation. Basic safety precautions outlined in the standard aimed at reducing or even completely eliminate the interference. Additional requirements are set out in a set of standards IEC 60364 and, above all in the GOST R 50571.21, as well as the IEC 05/02/1000 [1] IEC 01.05.1000 [2], IEC 1024-1 [3] and IEC 1312 - 1 [4] (see Figure 5). 444.3 Safety Measures taken against the electric and magnetic effects on electrical equipment. All electrical equipment shall comply with relevant standards for electromagnetic compatibility. It should be guided by 30331.2/GOST GOST R 50571.2, paragraph 321.10, and change number 1 to GOST R 50571.23, paragraph 515.3. It should also take into account the electromagnetic compatibility according to GOST R 50571.10. To reduce the negative effect of the surge, induced EMI, designers and installers of electrical installations shall consider the following items (see also Figure 4): - 444.3.1 - localization of potential sources of electromagnetic radiation with respect to sensitive equipment - 444.3.2 - localization of sensitive equipment with respect to sources of electromagnetic radiation (relative to places flow of large currents, such as hills tokootvodyaschie lightning, power cables and elevators, etc.) - 444.3.3 - Installation of filters and / or protective devices against surges in the circuits, which are powered by a sensitive Equipment - 444.3.4 - select units protect electrical networks from the corresponding time characteristics of the stages (for example, carrying off a Dead pause) to eliminate unwanted outages or transients; - 444.3.5 - equipotential bonding metal covers and screening devices; - 444.3. 6 - adequate separation (distance or shielded) power and signal cables and wiring at right angles to each other - 444.3.7 - adequate separation (distance or shielded) power and signal cables from the vertical descent tokootvodyaschego conductor (see IEC 1024 - 1 [3] and Figure 5) - 444.3.8 - elimination of inductive loops through appropriate wiring of different systems (see also 444.4.4) - 444.3.9 - the use of shielded and / or twisted pair signal cables - 444.3. 10 - as short as possible connections - 444.3.11 - bundles of stranded wires should be enclosed in metal casings or similar; - 444.3.12 - TN-C-system should not be used in electrical systems that contain sensitive equipment (see Figure 1, and paragraph 548.4 GOST R 50571.21). In buildings where a large number of installed information technology equipment should apply special protective (PE), functional (FE) and zero workers (N) wires connected to the earthing system to the point of entry (except in the course of the movement of energy), to minimize the possibility of electromagnetic radiation because of the ramifications of signal cables are part of the current, which was completely flow through the neutral conductor, which may cause interference or even damage to the highly sensitive equipment - 444.3.13 - to eliminate the TN-C-systems within buildings are two possibilities depending on the circuit interconnect equipment and external network: the replacement of the building within all sections of the TN-C in the TN-CS in Section TN-S (see Figures 1a, b and 2) the elimination of redundant loops inside the building between the different sections of the TN- S in the TN-CS; - 444.3-14 - metal pipes (water, gas and heating) and cables (electricity, telephone and antenna cables) should be entered into the building in one place. Metal sheets, screens, metal pipes and ducts, as well as articulation of these elements must be connected to the main bus potentsialouravnivayuschey (GPSH) buildings conductors with low electrical resistance - 444.3.15 - if you can not provide equipotentiality inputs (such as when they are in different areas of the building) should be used non-metallic fiber-optic cable, or take other measures. Part 2. Section 5. Part 5. Section 1. Part 1. General specifications GOST 2.702-75 Unified system for design documentation. Rules for making electronic circuits with GOST 2.752-71 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Robot device GOST 2.755-87 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Device switching and contact connections GOST 2.756-76 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Is often perceived electromechanical devices GOST 2.757-81 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Elements of the switching field for switching systems GOST 2.758-81 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Signal Technology GOST 2.762-85 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Frequencies and frequency bands for transmission systems GOST 2.763-85 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Device with a pulse-code modulation GOST 2.764-86 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Integrated optoelectronic display elements GOST 2.768-90 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams.

GOST 50571.20-2000 (IEC 60364-4-444-96) UDC 696.6:006.354 Group E08 STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Electrical installations of buildings Part 4: Protection for safety Chapter 44 Surge Protection Section 444 Protection of electrical surge caused by electromagnetic influences Electrical installations of buildings. Part 4. Protection for safety. Chapter 44. Protection against overvoltages. Section 444. Protection against electromagnetic interferences (EMI) in installations of buildings OKS OKS 3402 91.140.50 29.120.50 Effective date 1/1/2002 Preface 1 to develop the All-Russian Research Institute for Electrification of Agriculture (VIESKh) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Standardization and Certification in mechanical engineering (VNIINMASH), introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 337 "Electrical residential and public buildings" 2 adopted and put into operation the Decree of the State Standard of Russia on Dec. 18, 2000 № 373-article 3 of this standard is the authentic text of the international standard IEC 60364 - 4-444-96 "Electrical installations of buildings. Part 4. Security requirements. Chapter 44. Surge protection. Section 444. Protect installations of buildings from electromagnetic radiation with additional requirements taking into account the needs of the country's economy was first introduced 4 Type This standard is part of the state standards for electrical installations of buildings developed on the basis of the standards of the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 364 "Electrical installations of buildings." It represents the authentic text of the international standard IEC 60364-4-444-96, except section 1, the qualifying features of this standard in the national energy Section 3, which eliminates ambiguity in the interpretation of terms and requirements (in italics) to reflect the needs of various industries economy, including agricultural production. The numbering of chapters, paragraphs and subparagraphs of this standard, since section 442.1, in full conformity with the IEC 60364-4-444-96. This standard adopted the same numbering of the drawings, the same symbols as in IEC 60364-4-444-96. In some schemes this standard amended. For example, in Figure 1a shows that the voltage drop along the DU PEN conductor in the grounding system of TN-C is the sum falls DU1 + DU2 ie more on DU2, than in the TN-CS. Requirements of the standard complement, modify or supersede the requirements of other private standards set state standards for electrical installations of buildings. The absence of references to the chapter, section or paragraph of the private standard means that the relevant requirements of the standard apply to this case. 1 Scope This standard applies to electrical installations of buildings used in all sectors of the economy, regardless of their affiliation and ownership, and establishes requirements to ensure security by protecting against overvoltages caused by electromagnetic effects. It is intended to design, installation, commissioning and maintenance organizations of all forms of ownership, and professionals to develop, test and exploit the special machines and mechanisms, which are sources of strong electromagnetic fields. These include, for example, widely used in agricultural production of microwave dryers for grains, fruits, vegetables and other plant foods, microwave-vacuum systems for pre-processing of seeds, elektroplazmolizatory at high frequency currents for electrical processing of agricultural products and other requirements that complement the IEC 60364-4-444 and responsive to the needs of the economy, in italics. The requirements of this standard are mandatory. 2 Normative references in this standard references to the following standards: GOST 30331.2-95 (IEC 364-3-93) / GOST 50571.2-94 (IEC 364-3-93) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 3. Key features Standard 30331.3-95 (IEC 364-4-41-92) / GOST 50571.3-94 (IEC 364-4-41-92) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 4. Security requirements. Protection against electric shock 30331.4-95 Standard (IEC 364-4-42-80) / GOST 50571.4-94 (IEC 364-4-42-80) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 4. Security requirements. Protection against thermal effects GOST 50571.10-96 (IEC 364-5-54-80) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 5. Selection and installation of electrical equipment. Chapter 54. Earthing and protective conductors GOST 50571.21-2000 (IEC 60364-5-548-96) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 5. Selection and installation of electrical equipment. Section 548. Grounding devices and systems equalizing electrical potentials in electrical installations, containing information processing equipment GOST 50571.23-2000 (IEC 60364-7-704-89) Electrical installations of buildings. Part 7. Requirements for special installations. Section 704. Electrical construction sites 3 Definitions In this standard, the following terms. 3.1 Land (relative, reference): conductive and which is outside the zone of influence of any earthing of the earth's crust, the electric potential is assumed to be zero. 3.2 Local land: Part of the land, which is in contact with the grounding, the electric potential is influenced by current flowing from the earthing may be different from zero. In cases where the difference from zero potential of the land does not matter, instead of the term "local land" use the generic term "ground". 3.3 to 1 kV electrical installation: electrical, rated voltage not exceeding 1 kV. 3.4 conductive parts: Part ability to conduct electrical current. 3.5 neutral conductive part (neutral conductor): Part of the electrical installations that can conduct electrical current, the potential for a normal operating condition is equal or close to zero, such as housing the transformer, switchgear cabinet, casing starter wire bonding system, PEN-conductor, etc. Section 3.6 exposed conductive parts: Affordable touch-neutral conductive part. 03.07 sided conductive parts: conductive part that is not part of the installation. 3.8 Conductor: Part is designed to conduct electrical current a certain value. 3.9 live parts: Explorer or conductive parts designed to work under stress in normal operating mode of the installation. 3.10 grounding: Intentional electrical connection of the points system or plant, or equipment to the local earth through the grounding device. 3.11 earthing device: A group of earthing and grounding conductors. 3.12 Earthing: Part of the grounding device, consisting of one or more electrically interconnected grounding electrodes. 3.13 electrically independent earthing (independent earthing): Grounding, located at a distance from other earthing that currents spreading from them have no significant effect on the electrical potential of the independent earthing. 3.14 grounding conductor: The conductor that connects the grounding point of the system or plant, or equipment grounding. 3.15 grounding electrode (earthing electrode): A conductive part which is in electrical contact with the local land, either directly or through an intermediate conductive medium, such as through a layer of concrete or conductive corrosion-resistant coating. 3.16 main earthing bus (the main earth terminal): Bus or clip, which is part of the grounding device electrical installations up to 1 kW and is designed for multi-conductor electrical connection to earth. 3.17 grounding system (grounding system): The sum of the substation grounding devices, exposed conductive parts of the consumer and the neutral conductor in electrical systems up to 1 kV. 3.18 Type of ground: The indicator on the ratio of neutral to ground the transformer in the substation and the exposed conductive parts of the consumer and device neutral conductor. Designation of types of ground-30331.2/GOST GOST R 50571.2. Distinguish TN-, TT-and IT-system, the first two of which are grounded at the transformer substation, and the third - in isolation. TN-system on the device neutral conductor, in turn, is divided into TN-S-, TN-C-and TN-CS-system. 3.19 neutral: Intentional electrical connection to a neutral conducting part (neutral conductor) in electrical systems up to 1 kV grounded neutral transformer at the substation. 3.20 neutral conductor (N-conductor): The conductor in electrical systems up to 1 kV, intended for single-phase power and power consumers connected to the grounded transformer at the substation. 3.21 protective conductor (PE-conductor): The conductor in electrical systems up to 1 kV, intended for security purposes and linking the exposed conductive parts of the consumer with a grounding device. 3.22 combined zero-worker and the protective conductor (PEN-conductor): The conductor in electrical systems up to 1 kV, which combines the functions of a zero-worker and protective conductors. 3.23 Functional grounding conductor (FE-conductor): The grounding conductor in electrical up to 1 kV, which provides the normal functioning of the apparatus, the shell is at the request of the developer should not attend even the smallest electric potential (sometimes it requires a separate electrically independent earthing). 3.24 protective device (RCD): switchgear, NC circuit when current exceeds the leakage of the circuit set point (ie the differential current, ie, the portion of the total leakage current, which returned to power, bypassing the switching device). 3.25 Electrical safety division chains: Branch circuits from each other by separating the transformer windings which are separated by a core, an additional one or reinforced insulation. 3.26 equalizing electrical potential: The electrical connection of conductive parts with each other to achieve equipotential. 3.27 protective equalizing electrical potentials: Equalizing the electric potentials in order to ensure electrical safety through the elimination of electrical potential difference between all simultaneously accessible exposed conductive parts of the touch of a stationary electrical equipment and third-party conductive parts, including metal parts of the building constructions, achieved a reliable connection of these parts with one another through conductors. 3.28 The containment system of equalizing the electrical potential (protective device equalize electrical potential): The set of conductors and their connections to the conductive parts, providing a protective equalizing potentials. 3.29 potentsialouravnivayuschaya main bus (GPSH): Same as the main grounding bus, but the employee for the purpose of equalizing the electrical potential (often one and the same bus can perform both functions simultaneously). 3.30 protective lining of electric potentials: A measure to ensure electrical safety of lowering the relative difference in electrical potential between various points on the surface of the local land or conductive floor (step voltage) between these points and grounding device, or exposed conductive parts (touch voltage) in normal and emergency modes of operation, achieved a compound of the grounding device and the exposed conductive parts stacked in a local ground or floor potentsialovyravnivayuschimi conducting electrodes. 3.31 aligned electric potentials: Same as that defensive alignment, and electrical potentials, but holds not only for the purposes of electrical safety, but also for other, for example, to eliminate harmful (causing interference) stresses in the highly specialized information technology units. 3.32 potentsialovyravnivayuschy electrode: Same as the ground electrode, but used to equalize electrical potential. 3.33 potentsialovyravnivayuschaya mesh: Several potentsialovyravnivayuschih electrodes incorporated into the net to extend the alignment of electric potentials. 3.34 alignment system of electric potentials (the device alignment of electric potentials, the short UVEP): System, device, ensuring alignment of the electric potentials. 3.35 Local UVEP: UVEP on a limited area. 444.1 General Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) can disrupt and even damage the information technology systems or individual components, and equipment with electronics or radio circuit. Currents arising from lightning strikes, inrush currents at power equipment, such as the inclusion of elevators, short-circuit currents and the currents of other electromagnetic phenomena can cause significant EMI and lead to a surge in different parts of the installation. This occurs when: - we have the big metal contours (equipotential bonding system, structural metal structures or pipe systems of non-electrical purposes, such as water, gas, heating, air conditioning, etc., which can create similar induction contours) - in buildings used by various systems of wiring for electricity, as well as for signaling information systems. The stress caused by the magnetic induction depends on the rate of rise of current (di / dt) in the emitting circuit and the size of the circuit (loop). Power cables, which flow large currents with a high slew rate (cable elevators, power rectifiers, electrothermal furnaces, etc.) may cause a surge in the other parallel to the cables and wires of various information and other sensitive overvoltage devices, installations and their systems, including medical. This section is intended for architects, designers and professionals involved in designing and installing electrical equipment in buildings to meet the requirements to limit interference caused by electromagnetic radiation. Basic safety precautions outlined in the standard aimed at reducing or even completely eliminate the interference. Additional requirements are set out in a set of standards IEC 60364 and, above all in the GOST R 50571.21, as well as the IEC 05/02/1000 [1] IEC 01.05.1000 [2], IEC 1024-1 [3] and IEC 1312 - 1 [4] (see Figure 5). 444.3 Safety Measures taken against the electric and magnetic effects on electrical equipment. All electrical equipment shall comply with relevant standards for electromagnetic compatibility. It should be guided by 30331.2/GOST GOST R 50571.2, paragraph 321.10, and change number 1 to GOST R 50571.23, paragraph 515.3. It should also take into account the electromagnetic compatibility according to GOST R 50571.10. To reduce the negative effect of the surge, induced EMI, designers and installers of electrical installations shall consider the following items (see also Figure 4): - 444.3.1 - localization of potential sources of electromagnetic radiation with respect to sensitive equipment - 444.3.2 - localization of sensitive equipment with respect to sources of electromagnetic radiation (relative to places flow of large currents, such as hills tokootvodyaschie lightning, power cables and elevators, etc.) - 444.3.3 - Installation of filters and / or protective devices against surges in the circuits, which are powered by a sensitive Equipment - 444.3.4 - select units protect electrical networks from the corresponding time characteristics of the stages (for example, carrying off a Dead pause) to eliminate unwanted outages or transients; - 444.3.5 - equipotential bonding metal covers and screening devices; - 444.3. 6 - adequate separation (distance or shielded) power and signal cables and wiring at right angles to each other - 444.3.7 - adequate separation (distance or shielded) power and signal cables from the vertical descent tokootvodyaschego conductor (see IEC 1024 - 1 [3] and Figure 5) - 444.3.8 - elimination of inductive loops through appropriate wiring of different systems (see also 444.4.4) - 444.3.9 - the use of shielded and / or twisted pair signal cables - 444.3. 10 - as short as possible connections - 444.3.11 - bundles of stranded wires should be enclosed in metal casings or similar; - 444.3.12 - TN-C-system should not be used in electrical systems that contain sensitive equipment (see Figure 1, and paragraph 548.4 GOST R 50571.21). In buildings where a large number of installed information technology equipment should apply special protective (PE), functional (FE) and zero workers (N) wires connected to the earthing system to the point of entry (except in the course of the movement of energy), to minimize the possibility of electromagnetic radiation because of the ramifications of signal cables are part of the current, which was completely flow through the neutral conductor, which may cause interference or even damage to the highly sensitive equipment - 444.3.13 - to eliminate the TN-C-systems within buildings are two possibilities depending on the circuit interconnect equipment and external network: the replacement of the building within all sections of the TN-C in the TN-CS in Section TN-S (see Figures 1a, b and 2) the elimination of redundant loops inside the building between the different sections of the TN- S in the TN-CS; - 444.3-14 - metal pipes (water, gas and heating) and cables (electricity, telephone and antenna cables) should be entered into the building in one place. Metal sheets, screens, metal pipes and ducts, as well as articulation of these elements must be connected to the main bus potentsialouravnivayuschey (GPSH) buildings conductors with low electrical resistance - 444.3.15 - if you can not provide equipotentiality inputs (such as when they are in different areas of the building) should be used non-metallic fiber-optic cable, or take other measures. Note - The differential stresses associated with the grounding of large telecommunications systems, a problem the operator, who can choose other options - 444.3.16 - in relation to electrical installations, located in the premises of one-story buildings or on the first floors of multistory buildings that have conductive floors, such as indoor agricultural production, where animals are kept, and is highly sensitive equipment belonging to the class of information, an effective measure against the occurrence of overvoltage can be a branch of the floor in the horizontal direction from the zone of zero potential sites with a high electrical resistivity, achieved, for example, by impregnating a piece of land waste oil in accordance with the requirements of OST 46 180-85 [5]. 444.4 Removal of electromagnetic induction in the joints of the signal cables in buildings where there are PEN-conductors, or where on the signal cables affects visible electromagnetic induction due to lack of adequate security measures in the wiring (see paragraph 548.5 GOST R 50571.21) may use the following methods to reduce the problem to minimize or completely eliminate it: - 444.4.1 - Use of fiber-optic lines for signaling compounds - 444.4.2 - Use of Class II. - 444.4.3 - use of local isolating transformer with electrically independent windings (transformers with two windings) to supply the information technology equipment to meet the requirements of paragraphs 312.2.3 and 413.1.5 for IT-systems (local IT-system) or section 413.5 30331.3/GOST GOST R 50571.3, relating to the protection through the use of electrical independence (isolation transformers according to IEC 742 [6] - 444.4.4 - Use appropriate cabling to minimize the area covered by the turns formed by supply and signal cables. 1 ) - PEN-conductor, 2) - equalizing electrical potentials, 3) - Metal buildings, such as central heating pipes Figure 1a - TN-C-System Building 1) - PEN-conductor, 2) - equalizing electrical potentials, 3) - Metal buildings, such as central heating pipes Figure lb - TN-CS-building system 1) - eliminating the voltage drop along the DU PE, 2) - connecting the conductor to a limited area, and 3) - Metal buildings, such as central heating pipes Note-system TN-S eliminate the current in the neutral conductor, as shown in Figure 1. Figure 2 - elimination of the currents in the neutral conductor by the use of the building TN-S-system GPSH - home potendialouravnivayuschaya Bus Figure 3a - Single sided entry (preferably, U @ 0) Figure 3b - Input from all sides (not desirable, U ? 0) Symbols: · - the connection point grounding wire - the neutral conductor (M-explorer) - protective conductor (PE-conductor) - phase conductor; FE - Functional neutral conductor. 1) - PE-conductor, 2) - switchboard, 3) - equalization of electrical potential, 4) - shielded wire; 5) - zero-wire, 6) - isolating transformer, 7) - Local UVEP; 8) - Electrical Figure 4 - Illustration of security measures Figure 5 - General view of the grounding system of the building in accordance with the requirements of GOST 50571.10, IEC 02.05.1000 [1] and IEC 1024-1 [3] Annex A (informative) Bibliography [1] IEC 1000-2 - 5: 1995 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 2. Environments. Section 5. Classification of electromagnetic environments [2] IEC 01.05.1000: 1996 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Part 5. Hardware requirements. Section 1. General requirements and major publications on the EMC [3] IEC 1024-1: 1990 Protection of structures against lightning. Part 1: General principles [4] IEC 1312-1: 1995 Protection against lightning electromagnetic pulse. Part 1. General principles [5] GRL 46 180-85-92 Protecting farm animals from shock. Alignment of the electric potentials. General technical requirements [6] IEC 742-83 isolating transformers and safety transformers voltage. Requirements Keywords: electrical buildings, electrical installations up to 1 kV, security, surge protection, grounding, equalizing electrical potentials, electromagnetic influence of Contents 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Definitions 444.1 General provisions 444.3 444.4 Elimination Safety electromagnetic induction in the joints of the signal Cable Attachment A Bibliography of Published 19/07/2008 State Standards on the topic "Electrical, lighting, security systems," GOST 15597-82 Fixtures for industrial buildings. General specifications GOST 2.702-75 Unified system for design documentation. Rules for making electronic circuits with GOST 2.752-71 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Robot device GOST 2.755-87 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Device switching and contact connections GOST 2.756-76 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Is often perceived electromechanical devices GOST 2.757-81 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Elements of the switching field for switching systems GOST 2.758-81 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams. Signal Technology GOST 2.762-85 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Frequencies and frequency bands for transmission systems GOST 2.763-85 * Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Device with a pulse-code modulation GOST 2.764-86 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in electrical circuits. Integrated optoelectronic display elements GOST 2.768-90 Unified system for design documentation. Graphical symbols in diagrams.