GOST 50571.1-93 (IEC 364-1-72, IEC 364-2-70)
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
ELECTRICAL BUILDING HIGHLIGHTS
Electrical installations of buildings. General OKS 3402 Effective date 01.01.1995
INTRODUCTION
This standard is essential in a complex of state standards for electrical installations of buildings developed by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 337 Electrical equipment of residential and public buildings "on the basis of international standards IEC 364 "Electrical installations of buildings." The standards set contains additional requirements that reflect the needs of the economy, highlighted in italics. Complex state standards for electrical installations of buildings sets out requirements for electrical device housing, public and industrial buildings to provide a unified approach to their design and construction, to ensure consistent security measures and protection against electric shock. Set of standards for electrical installations of buildings used as a fundamental instrument in all areas falling within the scope of the standardization and certification of electrical installations of buildings in the development and revision of standards, regulations and rules on the device, testing and commissioning of electrical installations of buildings, including fire regulations, building codes and regulations, sanitary design standards of industrial enterprises and other regulations affecting the safety requirements of electrical installations of buildings.
This standard establishes the basic provisions of a set of standards for electrical installations of buildings. Part 1: SCOPE, PURPOSE, DEFINITIONS 1 SCOPE OF THE SET OF STANDARDS 1.1 Set of standards apply to electrical installations: - residential buildings - industrial buildings - commercial enterprises - public buildings - farm buildings - caravans and camping places for them - building sites and entertainment facilities, fairs and other temporary structures. Note - The requirements include a set of standards for electrical installations designed, constructed and reconstructed (restored by, repaired) buildings, structures and premises, and also recommended for use for activities to improve the safety of electrical installations existing buildings, structures and premises. 1.2 Set of standards includes: - Electrical circuit rated voltage up to 1000 V ac or 1500 V dc - electric circuit voltage exceeding 1000 V and is powered by installing a voltage not exceeding 1000 V AC (excluding internal wiring of electrical devices), eg : gas-discharge lamps, electrostatic filters - any electrical wiring, are not subject to technical specifications (TS) in electrotechnical products - fixed wiring connection, signaling, management, etc. (Excluding internal wiring devices). 1.3 The complex standards do not apply to electrical installations used in mines, electrified transport, vessels, aircraft, in metal tanks, underwater and underground in special facilities, quarries, as well as electrical street lighting. 1.4 Electrical equipment is considered only in terms of its selection and use in electrical installations. This condition also applies to the complete electrical equipment, manufactured by the manufacturer's specifications. 2 PURPOSE OF THE SET OF STANDARDS 2.1 Set of standards for electrical installations of buildings contains requirements for the design, installation, commissioning and testing of electrical installations, as well as to the selection of electrical equipment to ensure their safety and satisfactory performance when used as intended. 2.2 Standards establish a set of technical requirements, compliance with which ensures that the electrical requirements of this standard. 3 Definitions The following are some definitions needed to understand a set of standards for electrical installations of buildings. 3.1 Electrical Equipment - any equipment for the production, conversion, transmission, distribution or consumption of electrical energy, for example: machinery, transformers, apparatus, measuring instruments, protective devices, cables, power-consuming equipment. 3.2 Electrical installation - any combination of interconnected electrical equipment within a given space or room. 3.3 Electrical circuit - a set of electrical equipment, connected to wires and cables through which electrical current can flow. Note - In terms of relating to sverhtokovoy protection, the term means that part of electrical installations, which is protected against overcurrent (3.17) by one or more protective devices. 3.4 live parts - electrical conductive part, which is in the process of its work under the operating voltage. 3.5 exposed conductive parts - netokoveduschaya of available human touch, which may be energized when the violation of insulation of live parts. Note - Under netokoveduschey realize a conductive part of electrical installations which are not in the course of its work under an operating voltage, but in case of violation of Insulation of live parts to ground which can be energized. 3.6 A third-party conductive parts - the conducting part, which is not part of the installation. Note - For example, the metal structure of the building, metal gas networks, water pipes, heating pipes, etc. and non-electrical devices are electrically connected to them (radiators, non-electric cooking stoves, sinks, etc.), floors and walls of neizolyatsionnogo material. 3.7 Protective conductor (PE) - a guide that is used for any protective measures against electric shock in case of damage, and to connect the exposed conductive parts: - with other exposed conductive parts - with external conductive parts - with a grounding, a grounding conductor or grounded current-carrying parts. 3.8 Zero protective conductor (PE) - a guide to electrical voltage to 1 kV, connecting part vanishes with earthed neutral of the generator or transformer in the three-phase current networks with earthed single-phase AC power output from the mid-point earthed power networks in DC. 3.9 neutral conductor (N) - a conductor used to power the receivers of electric energy and connection of one of their conclusions, grounded electrical installations. 3.10 Combined Zero workers and protective conductor (PEN - conductor) - a guide that combines the functions of protective and neutral conductor. 3.11 The ground conductor - a protective conductor connecting a grounded electrical parts with earthing. 3.12 Grounding - the conductor (electrode) or a set of electrically interconnected conductors in contact with the ground or its equivalent, for example, bare from the ground water body. 3.13 Electrically independent grounding - grounding, situated at a distance from each other, that the maximum possible current that can flow on one of them does not affect significantly the potential of others. 3.14 Protection against direct contact with live parts, protection against direct contact - technical measures elektrozaschitnye and cash together to prevent touching the live parts, are under stress, or approaching him at a distance less safe. 3.15 Protection against indirect contact (protection against indirect contact) - protection, eliminating the danger of contact with exposed conductive parts, external conductive parts that may be energized in the event of damage. 3.16 Permissible continuous current (conductor) - current that can flow through a long conductor, and the steady temperature of the conductor shall not exceed the specified value under certain conditions. Note - For conductors allowable continuous current should be considered as the nominal current. 3.17. Supercurrent - current, whose value exceeds the maximum working value of the current installation. Overload current 3.18 - supercurrent in the electrical circuit in the absence of electrical damage. 3.19 Short circuit current - the supercurrent due to injury with a negligible impedance between points located at different potentials in normal working conditions. 3.20 fault current - the current that resulted from damage to or overlapping the insulation. 3.21 fault current to earth - the current passing through a place in the ground circuit. 3.22 infects current - the current passing through the body of a person or domestic animal, whose characteristics can cause pathophysiological effects or cause injury. 3.23 Leakage current - current, which flows into the ground or on the side of the electrically conductive parts of the intact chain. 3.24 Leakage current to an isolated neutral - the current flowing between phase and earth in a network with isolated neutral. 3.25 Leakage current in a DC network - the current flowing between the pole and land in the DC network. 3.26 Leakage current networks with grounded neutral - current flowing through the section of the circuit which is connected in parallel with the neutral conductor, and in the absence of neutral conductor - residual current. 3.27 touch voltage - the voltage that appears on your body while you touch the two points of the conductors or conductive parts, including the damage to the insulation. 3.28 Parts of electrical installations simultaneously accessible to the touch - the conductors and conductive parts, which a person can touch the same time. Note - available at any time for a touch of parts may be: live parts, exposed conductive parts, third-party conductive parts, protective wiring and grounding. 3.29 Reach hand - a zone extending around the area normally occupied by personnel or passes within reach of the arm from a standing position. Part 2: MAJOR PROVISIONS 1 PROTECTION FOR SAFETY 1.1 General of the requirements set forth in this section are designed to ensure the safety of people, pets, environment and property against dangers and damage under normal operating conditions and fire installations. Notes. 1 In this standard, security requirements of domestic animals (1.1-1.5, 1.7, 2.1, p. 2) should be regarded as a recommended, because to IEC standards and domestic standards are no safety standards for farm animals. 2 The operation of electrical equipment can take place the following hazards: - electric shock - fires and explosions - effects of ionizing, radiation, infrared and ultraviolet radiation - exposure to hazardous substances, vibration, shock, noise - the effect of electromagnetic and electrostatic fields - of burns resulting from contact with people heated to high temperature parts of equipment, etc. For safety, must be provided for measures to protect against these hazards. 1.2 Protection against direct contact People and pets should be protected from hazards that may arise from contact with live parts installation. This protection can be implemented in the following ways: - shall not be permitted the flow of current through the body of a person or pet - limit the fault current that can flow through the body, to a value smaller than the current value destruction. 1.3 Protection against indirect contact people and pets should be protected from hazards that may arise from contact with exposed conductive parts. This protection can be implemented in the following ways: - shall not be permitted current flow through the body of a person or pet - limit the fault current that can flow through the body, to a value smaller than the current value of injury - auto power-off in case of insulation failure, in which there is the possibility of current flow through the body in contact with live parts in public, if the value of this current is equal to or greater than the current destruction. 1.4 Protection against thermal effects under normal operating conditions with normal operation of electrical equipment should be no danger of getting burned by people or pets. 1.5 Protection from overcurrent People and pets should be protected from injury, and property should be protected from damage by high temperatures or electromechanical stresses caused by any of the supercurrent, able to flow through the current carrying conductors. This protection can be implemented in the following ways: - automatic shutdown in case of overcurrent before it reaches a dangerous value and duration - the restriction of the maximum supercurrent to a safe value and duration. 1.6 Protection of injury currents conductive parts, with the exception of current-carrying conductors, and any other parts of electrical installations for which current can flow damages should be calculated on the course of this current is not accompanied by the appearance of a high temperature. Notes. 1 Particular attention should be paid to ground fault currents. 2 For the current-carrying conductors of compliance with the conditions 1.5 (Part 2) guarantee their protection against any fault currents, including the supercurrents. 1.7 Surge Protection 1.7.1 People and pets should be protected from injury, and property from any harmful effects in the case of insulation between live conductors of circuits supplied at different voltages. 1.7.2 People and pets should be protected from injury, and property from damage caused by any likely extra-high voltage, or other causes (such as lightning or switching surges). 1.8 Protection against fire (explosion) installations should have such an arrangement, which would eliminate the risk of ignition of combustible materials because of heat or arcing. Fire and explosion in the electrical design, installation, commissioning, operation must be ensured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.004 and GOST 12.1.010, "Regulations for Electrical Installation" (SEP) approved Glavtehupravleniem and Gosenergonadzor USSR Ministry of Energy, "Safety Regulations for the Operation of Electrical consumers "and" Rules of operation of electrical consumers (PTE and PEEP) approved Glavgosenergonadzorom USSR, 03/05/2006 snip, snip 05.03.2007 approved by the USSR State Construction Committee, VSN 59-88, approved Goskomarhitektury, "Model Regulations on fire safety for residential buildings hotels, hostels, houses administrative offices and individual garages, approved by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR 20.11.1978, the "Model Regulations on fire safety for industrial facilities, approved by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR 21.08.1975 g. 2 DESIGN 2.1 General In the design of electrical installations should consider the following factors to ensure that: - the protection of people, pets, environment, environment and property from hazards listed in 1.1 (Part 2) - protecting people from exposure to the hazards of fire in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.004. (1.2); - operability and maintainability of electrical installations in operation. Information needed as input for the design, refer to 2.2-2.5 (Part 2). Conditions to be satisfied in the design, described in 2.6-2.13 (Part 2). 2.2 Characteristics of power sources 2.2.1 Type of current: alternating or direct current 2.2.2 Appointment and number of wires for the AC: the phase conductors, neutral conductor, protective earth conductor. For DC: conductors, the equivalent listed above, the main conductor, neutral conductor, protective earth conductor. 2.2.3 Values ??and tolerances: the voltage and bias voltage, frequency and frequency deviation that is allowed continuous current, the estimated short-circuit current. 2.2.4 Protective measures inherent in the network, for example, grounded conductor, or average. 2.2.5 Specific requirements for the supply grid. 2.4 Emergency Power Supply
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