Waterproofing, technology and device

The application of modified dry mix offers great opportunities for waterproofing works. Waterproofing polimermineralnye formulations used for interior and exterior waterproofing of concrete and plaster surfaces of underground and surface structures: foundations, plinths, drains, cellars, water engineering. And in each case, one should choose the appropriate technology and composition with the desired characteristics. Waterproofing compounds on the basis of dry mixes for the principle of operation can be subdivided into obmazochnuyu and penetrating waterproofing. The operating principle of penetrating waterproofing is based on penetration into the concrete chemically active substances present in the composition, and their interaction with the minerals of cement to form insoluble crystals on the walls of the pores and capillaries. Obmazochnaya Waterproofing is a coating thickness of 3 - 4 mm, deposited on insulating building structures. This waterproofing, depending on its composition can be rigid or flexible. Elastic is used for waterproofing structures, operating in places of high dynamic loads. In the construction market represented a wide range of waterproofing materials. In addition, each of them has a specific scope, which is determined by performance and technological features of the application and financial viability. Waterproofing General Provisions This section sets out the technology waterproofing basements, bathrooms, caps, basements, swimming pools, hydro, etc, carried out in-built environment with the use of modified dry mixes for special applications. Depending on the type of waterproofing polymer binder is divided into rigid (one-component) and elastic (one-or two-component). One component, the composition is a dry mixture of mineral binders, mineral fillers, modifying additives and polymer binder in the form of a dispersion powder. Two-component composition is a dry mixture of mineral binders, mineral fillers, modifying additives and polymer binder in the form of an aqueous dispersion of polymer with a low temperature film formation. The choice of waterproofing compounds in each case determined by the project. The waterproofing composition must meet the requirements of regulations under which it is issued. Waterproofing compounds are prepared centrally at the factory and on-site ready to be submitted to the state by adding water (or aqueous dispersion of polymer). During transportation and storage should be excluded from entering the composition of precipitation and direct sunlight. The use of mixtures of the expiry date is allowed only after verification of their compliance with regulatory requirements. Waterproofing work indoors should be carried out at ambient temperature and the working surface of not less than +5 &degC; and humidity of 70%. The specified conditions must be maintained as at least two days prior to work all the time to commissioning. Work on the exterior waterproofing should be performed at or above +5 &degC; and not above +30 &degC;. Not allowed to carry out works: during rain or immediately after, with wind speed exceeds 10 m / s in the presence of ice on the working surfaces, with direct impact on the work surfaces from direct sunlight. The manufacturing process of waterproofing work consists of the following stages: surface preparation, preparation of compositions (primer, putty, plaster, waterproofing) to use, apply a waterproofing composition. For each object should be to refine the scheme of works, their size, labor costs, the duration of works, depending on the materials used and the need for material and technical resources. The order of execution of works on waterproofing. Surface Preparation: Surface to the device sealing cleaned from dust, dirt, grease and other substances that can have a negative effect on adhesion. Surface cleaning is performed by means of steel brushes, spatulas, or if necessary with water or sand blasters. Grease, salt stains are removed using special formulations, which are then thoroughly washed with water. The surface is dried and compressed air dedusting. Determined by the degree of deviation of the surfaces and edges of the vertical and horizontal. Speakers of the concrete surfaces abate. Dimensions of shells, rolls and other defects in concrete surfaces shall not exceed the established values ??in accordance with current regulatory and technical documentation (GOST 13015.0 and snip 04/03/2001). Cracks and chips should be sealed with putty compositions by hand with a spatula. After sealing cracks and chips ogruntovyvaetsya surface and then, depending on its condition and character immediately applied waterproofing layer, or, if necessary, applied leveling high-quality or water-repellent plaster (according to project decisions). Typically, these plasters are applied in layers (in 3 - 4 hours), the thickness of each layer is 5 - 7 mm. Maximum thickness of the plaster layer without additional reinforcement should not exceed 20 mm. If the total thickness of the plaster layer over 20 mm, it is necessary to provide reinforcement of a metal grid. Prepared base shall be the customer from making the act on the hidden work. Preparation of compositions for use directly on the construction site. Ratio of powder and water in the compositions specified by the manufacturer in the instructions for use of the mixture. Application of the waterproofing composition: The waterproofing composition is applied to the prepared base in 3 layers of hand with a stiff brush, brush or spatula. The thickness of each layer should be 1,0-1,5 mm. The second layer should be applied in a direction perpendicular to the first layer, from lower to upper elevations. At sites of contiguity floor waterproofing layer must be wound up on the wall not less than 300 mm to prevent the ingress of water under the waterproofing. Interfaces and junctions, welds, corners on the insulated parts of the construction should be carried out to the device ground waterproofing coating and reinforced alkali-resistant glass fiber reinforcement. It is suitable for waterproofing of these places apply flexible waterproofing mixture. Water leakage test: The test of waterproofing in the bathrooms and lavatories shall be effected by pouring the floor a layer of water in 1 - 2 cm and the exposure of this layer for 1 hour. After that inspected the ceilings in the downstream areas and identifies leaks. For the hydraulic test bath basin, it should be filled with water in two stages: first - filling to a height of 1 m with exposure during the day - the second content to the design mark. Bath basin full of water to the design mark, should be kept in this state for at least three days. Construction is recognized to pass the hydraulic test, if the loss of water in it for one day does not exceed 3 liters per 1 m2 of wetted surface of the walls and bottoms, and seams and the walls were found to be leaking and not set moisturizing foundation soil. The loss of much water by evaporation from open water surfaces should be considered separately. In the presence of ink leaks and water stains on walls or foundation soil moisture capacitance structure is considered to have failed the test even if the losses it does not exceed the standard. In this case, after measuring the water loss from the building when it is complete filling with water should be fixed place to be repaired. After the elimination of identified defects should be carried out re-testing of capacitive structures. With high-quality waterproofing on the observed surface structures should not be any visible signs of filtering water: leaks and wet spots.