Waterproofing. Kinds of waterproofing

Among the many factors affecting the durability of objects, the special role belongs to the waterproofing, which is a package of measures aimed at protecting buildings and structures from the damaging effects of moisture. Waterproofing - is to protect buildings from moisture and water. The main directions of work are waterproofing above and below ground structures, waterproofing of hydraulic facilities, and industrial and civil construction. Existing methods for waterproofing of buildings and structures can be divided into two groups: primary and secondary. For the primary waterproofing applied directly enclosing structures made of concrete and reinforced appropriate waterproof. When using the secondary protection is an additional waterproofing building envelope in the form of a waterproofing coating. In turn, waterproofing can be classified: by location on the plane (vertical, horizontal and inclined), and the location in space (atmospheric, underground and underwater), and the location of the building structure (interior and exterior), and construction waterproofing (one and multi-layered, reinforced and unreinforced, with a protective layer and without it). In addition, waterproofing and distinguished by the method of the device - obmazochnuyu, "plaster, cast, impregnating, injecting, Charging, okleechnuyu, paint and mounted. What is the difference between the waterproofing coating? First of all, the waterproofing is made from different materials. By obmazochnoy waterproofing now, except for petroleum-bitumen materials are bitumnorezinovye and bitumnopolimernye mastic. For this type of waterproofing and rank as tsementnopolimernye mastic, consisting of dry mix cement with mineral filler. Obmazochnaya waterproofing is applied, usually to protect the surfaces of capillary moisture (indoor) and soil water (outside) for draining the ground and head up to 0.2 atm., Applied in the form of thick layers of hot and cold mastic (usually in several layers) . The main advantage obmazochnoy waterproofing, compared with the rolled materials, is that after drying, it creates a continuous coating. Besides waterproofing bitumen requires no special training grounds and can be applied directly on concrete, plaster or brick. For the device used plaster waterproofing waterproofing polymer mass, hot or cold mastic. These materials are typically applied in several layers (the generic fiber can be from 2 to 50 mm) for any form of isolation. This kind of waterproofing used usually for structures nepodvergayuschihsya vibration and strain. Dignity plastering waterproofing is that it can be applied on uneven surfaces, ease and convenience of application, environmental friendliness, durability, the possibility of further application of any finishing coats (tile, stone, plaster, paint). Cast waterproofing is used to fill gaps between the protected surface and the pressure filled cavities, the temperature-shrinkage joints and in reconstruction efforts. This coating can be reinforced with metal mesh or fiberglass. On horizontal surfaces molded sealing is performed only on a hard monolithic base, consists of one or two layers and is protected by a coupler from a cement-sand mortar, thickness 30 mm. The thickness of each layer of insulation should be cast: for solutions - not less than 12 mm, for mastic - not less than 5 mm. Impregnating waterproofing done in the impregnation of organic binders building products from porous materials. This type of waterproofing is the most reliable for precast elements, subjected to intense mechanical stress (piles, pipe, tubing, foundation blocks). Injection waterproofing is carried out forcing a binding material in the joints and cracks in building structures or the adjacent ground. Charging waterproofing done by filling the bulk of special waterproofing materials impermeable layers and cavities. Okleechnaya waterproofing can be done from the roll or sheet material (bituminous or polymer, less composite). Paint Waterproofing performed applying the film-forming liquid and pasty materials paint brush, paint sprayers, brushes and spatulas. Mounted waterproofing is made from specially manufactured elements (metal and plastic sheets, profiled tape) attached to the main building assembly constraints.