Remember the slogan: "Life Saving - the handiwork of drowning? We, of course, no body OSVOD, so here we go not to drowned. But this appeal most directly to the topic of our conversation. And if you specifically - will discuss the security of dwelling. The enemy is not asleep. I remember a case where a friend of mine indignation that, say, built a nice house in the cottage, and then found out that each month to pay for security. He rested, refused to pay, and the attackers stole a month and brought out all the "acquired by overwork." The house burned down. In the Middle Ages there were guards and retinue. In our time, the guards called the police, and the squad - the army. But the police at all desire can not keep up wherever you need her intervention. And the army in general do not care about your humble home, if you are, of course, not a general or a marshal. So what do you do? Create your own at the door of the booth and beetles, or put a trap for big game? But we're with you civilized people, what folly to do! We believe it is better to put a competent alarm system. What is it? Guard in our time have, alas, not only his house. Most of my friends this question, answered without hesitation: this sort of thing that is a neighbor in the car, at night, heart-rending "yelling" and prevents honest people to sleep. Alas, this being said, the production costs. Alarm - not only nuisancer all around, but friend and foe at the same time. For each car ownership and an enemy to the robbers. How does it work? Consider the example above the neighbor's car. In fact, the machines typically install a security complex with a bunch of sensors and breakers. One sensor responds to wobble: Do not allow, for example, quietly remove the wheel. The other controls the volume change compartment - triggered when the glass is broken or door is opened. The third starts shouting and swearing, if someone opened the hood or trunk. A chopper in the event of an alarm will not be allowed to start the motor. The principle of operation of apartment security system is about the same, but the effect of its activities a little different. It may scare off intruders with a loud wail siren to signal the position of the police or do both. By the way, alarm system capable of "chest" to defend the premises, not only from thieves but also from the fire. To do this, set the special sensors that react to smoke, or a sharp rise in temperature. Further actions of the system depend on the degree of complexity. In the simplest case, the sensor signals the fire protection: that something is wrong, the more complex - the system itself will take action and put out the fire. Seen, perhaps in foreign films as of special sprinklers installed under the ceiling, a sudden powerful stream begins to pour water directly on the heads of Hollywood villains and Superman? So, this sprinkler is constructed on the principle of an ordinary soul, that rotates around its own axis and the jet wash fairly large area. This is only one option to save our property. But there are other devices on other occasions. "Eyes" and "ears" of security system main element of OPS (fire alarm) - sensors or, in other words, the detectors. They warn: something threatens the security of the protected object - and transmit an alarm to the control panel. Simply put, the sensors - it's "eye" and "ears" on the alarm. According to the principle of action, they are the following: Contact - react to the unauthorized opening of doors, windows, gates ... Consist of a reed switch (tight contact), which is mounted on the stationary part of the design (eg, the door jamb) and the magnet, which stands at the door. Infrared (or motion sensor) - react to the warmth of the human body and can detect an intruder in a controlled area. Acoustic - react to the sound of breaking glass. Therefore, they are placed on a wall or ceiling near the window. Vibration - react to the vibration of the surface on which installed. Triggered, for example, when trying to open a window, door safe, break through the wall, etc. Mounted on frames, doors, walls, roofs. Smoke - react to smoke. Heat - reported the temperature in the room (in a protected area). These are the main types of sensors. But there are still so-called combined - two in one and even three in one. For example, smoke and heat. In what sense? This combination reduces the probability of false alarm: sensor starts complaining only by simultaneous triggering of both sides. But smoke without fire. Speaking of sensors, I used a couple of not very clear terms. I hasten to explain them. Remember when I said that in the probe used a device called "reed," which means "tight contact". Constructed reed ridiculously easy. In essence, these are two parallel plates of metal, which are sealed in a glass flask (similar to an ordinary light bulb). The ends of the plates stick out, and wires attached to them (as a simple switch). If the reed does not touch, do not touch the plate and open circuit. But if the reed bring an ordinary magnet - that is, it is terrible to say! One plate will be pulled to the magnet, on the way met the second (which does not react to the magnet). Plates meet, the circuit closes. Remove the magnet - plates diverge, the circuit is opened. What finally happens? And that's what. In the doorjamb - a reed switch in the door - a magnet. The door is closed - a magnet affects the reed switch, the circuit is closed, everyone is happy, the alarm is resting. But if you open the door, as a reed switch razomknet chain and OPS scream and howl. And now let's see how the motion sensor. If the controlled area observed some suspicious activity recovery (someone walks, crawls, runs, jumps off the sixth ...), the sensor activates the alarm. To make it clear that such a controlled area, you can draw an analogy with an ordinary door peephole. When you look at him, you see only part of the stairwell. This most part is controlled area. The same principle is arranged and motion sensor. True, he "sees" only at a distance of 12-15 meters (depending on model). Yes, and angle it has less than door viewers - an average of 140o horizontally and 30 degrees vertically (judas covers "eagle eye" 180 degrees in both cases). But the motion sensor can be rotated anywhere, and it will monitor any portion of the premises, for example, the front door. I have to say - this sensor responds to movement of large and warm items. So he did not "notice" accidentally fell from coat hangers and spit on the movement of pets - dogs, cats, canaries, or parrot. But really people, or car (with the included engine) will not be left unattended. I advise you to stick these detectors in each room - just in case "invaders" will want to enter through the window. The device takes up little space, but thanks to the variety of models can easily fit into any decor. At the same time, except for security functions, a motion sensor and performs other duties. For example, when the alarm off, he can turn on the lights in the room. Someone entered - the light turned on and went out - the light turns off. In general, such a sensor - a very interesting device, it deserves a separate discussion, so we will describe this more in detail next time. In the meantime, continue the story of other security systems of our home. "Brain" alarm system Another important component of OPS - Control Panel. This "brain" of the entire system. After all sensors alarm, whatever they were, by themselves do not take any decisions. Their mission - "to report" about the outrages in the territory entrusted to them. Information comes just at the control panel and there is processing. For example, a heat sensor reports: the room temperature for 3 minutes increased from 20 to 45 ° C. To him personally, the sensor is not unconcerned. It only tells what happened to his side. A control panel will decide how to react: to signal to the control of, call on 01, turn on the siren (it all depends on the capabilities of a particular IPO) or ignore the message. If the installed system "very clever, she even asks for confirmation of the sensor alarms. It happens that a false alarm, the sensor of something "not understand", gave a crash. Typically, the second request is for such a scheme: a control panel for a few seconds shuts off power to the sensor, and then on again. If the detector is hard confirms that the temperature continues to rise, so - we burn ... The control panel consists of a motherboard (CPU) and keyboard. Typed on the keyboard numeric code which enables or disables the alarm, in addition, some programmable functions of the system. For example, while the input or output delays. Why do it? To do so, to describe the ritual of switching on / off alarm. Before leaving, go ... In the morning, leaving home, the owner presses the button on OPS. After that, he naturally opens the door - well, not through the window did he come out (by the way, windows are protected, too). When you open the door works contact sensor mounted at the entrance to the apartment and turn on the alarm. The noise resorts (or coming) protection, and the owner has a real chance to get a truncheon on the neck and to visit the nearest police station. What to do? There are two ways to avoid it. Method one. Before turning the alarm, the host must open the front door and only then press the power button. In fact, signaling is not yet included, but is in standby mode. She is waiting to shut the door. When this happens, the contact sensor closes, what immediately notify the control panel. But such a scheme is seldom used, is much more popular than the second method. Method Two. After switching the system from the home owner has some time to leave the premises. After that, the control panel contains all the OPS. This time (it gives the owner) and is called the time out - usually 20-30 seconds. Of course, care can be programmed and more, at least half an hour. But if within half an hour (after the departure of hosts) alarm system will still be disabled, for 30 minutes attackers quite have time to visit the home unattended. The owner returned to assume, after a busy day the owner returned home. Entering the house, of course, have to disable the alarm system. Again, there are two ways. The first option - disable it from the outside, the hall outside the apartment, or even from the street. To do this, provided remote control (RC), like cars, or magnetic key, which is applied to the castle. The second option - went into the apartment, you would type on the keyboard secret digital code. The second option is undoubtedly better. Judge for yourself. There were cases when an attacker "picked up" magnetic keys or remote control codes. From the perspective of little fools-alarm all in full Openwork: a door does not open, strangers in the house, no glass can not beat - the alarm is silent. Meanwhile, the crafty attacker picked up a "master key" (in this case - a magnetic key or code) and got inside. In the second case, all the more difficult and much more reliable. After the door to the apartment will open. This will result in signaling to combat readiness, and it will sound an alarm. And how the system behaves when the owner came back? With the bat starts to signal that someone did, or what? Rest assured - it can wait. The control panel keeps pausing - 30-60 seconds to introduce the digital code and disable the system. This time is called an input delay. Our advice: install a small delay to the maximum term - so that in case of what a potential attacker does not have time to orient, while signaling to work. How to protect borders? Professionals recommend: it is desirable that the entrance door stood at least two sensor - pin (triggered by opening a door) and a motion sensor (in case the door will break). Better yet, put a few security lines. The first - line of early warning. Passes around the perimeter of the premises. These are contact sensors on windows and doors, acoustic sensors on the windows and shock sensor (responding to the breakout of walls, floor or ceiling). Second - the main line of protection. Indoors, set in motion sensors. • The third line (used if necessary) - the protection of a particular, the most valuable object, such as safe deposit box or an expensive piece of art. Here, you can use motion sensors, acoustic and other "traps". For example, next to the door of safe you can put a chair in the stalk of which is hidden magnet, and in the floor near the safe - a reed switch connected to the alarm system. If the push chair, reed razomknetsya - and turn on the alarm. Each line of protection is connected to a control panel separately, independently of the others. Go to control panel, the average tricked "(price $ 80-90) can be connected to 8.6 lines. This makes it possible to divide the room for 6-8 pieces and keep each separately. If the invasion did not "feel" the first line of protection, it will notice the second, and so on. Wireless OPS: Pros and Cons "Recently the market of security systems, a wide stream flowed so-called wireless OPS. They signal from the sensors to the control panel is transmitted on radio channels (like radio telephone - from handset to base and back). Such a system simplifies the installation of alarm systems - no need to drag and hide the wires. True, it is worth the pleasure two or three times more "wired" analog, but nevertheless, these systems are now gaining increasing popularity in the world. All is good, but professionals have serious doubts about the effectiveness of such protection. Of course, sellers of security systems recommend it to customers wireless OPS - money from the customer gets more and fuss less. But in private conversation, employees of firms engaged in supply of such equipment, taught me a lot of interesting things. Remember the good old days of stagnant party and the government, concerned about the moral character of Soviet citizens who jammed the Western radio stations? This was done using the generator noise, and simply "jamming". This device gave out "spurious" signal at the frequency of broadcasting "enemy" radio, as if shouting it. Something similar can be done with wireless OPS. Know the frequency of "broadcasting" of a probe were not working. Really, I called the hidden frequency, but it's a secret! I gave an honest pioneer word that will not tell anyone, even under torture. Another thing is that today a lot of savvy and tech savvy kids have moved to make money in many different ways. Sometimes, alas, is not the most positive - from the perspective of the police. If such an unobtrusive little boy inquired something from someone, then the next, as they say, a technical matter. Take the generator noise (any more or less capable of ham gather him easily), and turn off your sensor. The control panel becomes "deaf" and simply "not hear" the signal from the sensor. It's like trying to catch a whisper narrated an anecdote, when next thunder jet turbine aircraft. Here are a nuisance. Of course, the control panel can "get worked up" from the incomprehensible sounds which do not bear her any information. Then it will signal a fault and, instead of with weapons repair team will come with screwdrivers and soldering iron. More control panel can send a signal of anxiety: they say, someone is trying to rudely intervene in the work of OPS. But the attacker somehow also not a fool, and most likely it has provided. Remember how the events unfolded in the old American film "How to Steal a Million? There are handsome, "robber" Peter O'Toole hid in the building of the museum, and at night got out of his hiding place and threw a boomerang, which caused a false positive alarm. Ran guards, police officers arrived, searched all - no one. False alarm. Come on, boys, sleep on! The hero once again threw a boomerang and again forced trigger an alarm. All this commotion lasted for as long as the chief of security, thinking that the alarm system is faulty, not turning it off. Now, where our hero without any problems picked up a valuable statue and was gone. No, I do not allude to that, God forbid. Just the way I had to. Videonavoroty But that's not all. In modern burglar alarms, there are more CCTV and automatic telephone dialer. Dialer, respectively, transmits messages such as "Help me, rob!" On the specified phone number. But video surveillance system - serious thing and not cheap (the most unpretentious model costs two or three thousand dollars).
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