Power generators for country comfort

Zoe Dydynskaya many owners of holiday homes are concerned about how to correctly make a grid of his home in the absence of centralized power. According to experts, such a system should consist of a stand-alone and backup power supply. Practice shows that for the normal functioning of the cabin of the middle class area of ??400 m ? to 15-25 kW. In the absence of centralized power supply, as well as opportunities to turn it off, the voltage instability using independent sources of electricity. Most often in suburban Households establish mini electrical power stations, that is, the generating set consisting of an internal combustion engine (petrol or diesel) and generator, which, actually, and generates electricity. Autonomous power supply Power, as we have said, is composed of motor and generator connected coaxially and reinforced through the dampers on a steel frame (for laptops), or on the frame (the stationary). Durability of the generator unit depends mainly on engine reliability. Classification of autonomous power stations is carried out on a number of parameters. Fuels. First of all, self-contained power divided by fuel type on which they operate. The most common are gasoline and diesel generators, less popular because of high costs and complexities of installing and operating power plants use natural gas or LPG. Gasoline generators. Stand-alone power plants that run on gasoline are the most simple and inexpensive solution to a sudden power outage. Gasoline Power relevance as an emergency source of electricity at short intervals. Lightweight, compact and low noise level have predetermined the success of such power as a profitable and practical unit. Petrol is cheaper diesel generators, they are often fitted with electric start, allowing them to automatically turn on when you need to activate an alternative source of supply. Petrol power plants, in turn, are divided by type of internal combustion engines: There are two-and four-cycle modification. Pluses of the two-stroke engines: the absence of bulky lubrication systems and gas distribution, high power per 1 liter working volume, ease of fabrication and low cost. Advantages of four stroke engines: more resources, more efficiency, cleaner exhaust, less noise. Four-stroke internal combustion engines are equipped with air-cooled gasoline generators majority. Diesel generators. If you are pursuing the purpose to use power as a permanent uninterrupted source of power for a long time, it makes sense to pay attention to the diesel units. Despite the fact that their initial cost is higher than gasoline generators, fuel costs and maintenance of such equipment is lower than that of gasoline, "brother." Diesel generators can operate at different speeds. Vysokooborotisty units (3000 rpm.) Are smaller in size and weight. However, they are also characterized by high levels of noise and shorter life MTBF. For a full generation in a long time the preferred choice seems slow-modification (1500 rpm).. Autonomous diesel power stations, as well as gasoline, supplied with air or liquid cooling system. Diesel engines, air-cooled occupy an intermediate position between the petrol stations and "serious" engine with liquid cooling. Low-power diesel engines (up to 6 kW) do not differ on the reliability of gasoline, and they cost about twice as high. Therefore, unless there are specific reasons for choosing a low-power diesel engine, think about the petrol station with a good engine, it roars and smaller, and easier to maintain it. Among low-powered diesel engines a clear leader - a German company Hatz. Produced its engine is reliable, unpretentious, working steadily in the domestic diesel fuel, economical, time to failure is about 5000 hours and, importantly, Russia is supported by many service centers and suppliers of spare parts. Among the more powerful diesel engines (10-30 kVA) notable leaders do not. Acceptable level of quality the Italian Lombardini, Italy Ruggerini. However, they are all capricious fuel quality and do not reach the liquid-cooled diesel engines. Diesel engines are liquid-cooled, most reliable and durable (MTBF of 20 000-40 000 hours). They can also be equipped with a rather silent slow-speed (1500 rpm). And more noisy engines running at 3000 rpm. "Speed" drives are cheaper and smaller in weight and size, but have higher fuel consumption and fewer resources. The most important thing: to work round the clock, 365 days a year suitable only power plant, operating at 1500 rpm. For generators of high power (6 to 20 kW) are very good diesel engines Mitsubishi, and for more powerful units (from 20 to 180 kW) - German engine Deutz. Number of phases. The following characteristics that are worth considering in relation to the autonomous power, the number of phases produced by stress. Stand-alone generator sets to produce mostly one-or three-phase voltage. Not everyone knows that, for domestic use, small amounts of electrical power or light enough for one phase, while the three-phase power supply is more often required in industrial environments. It is noteworthy that the three-phase diesel generating sets with an output voltage of 400 V capable of producing single-phase voltage of 230 V. synchronously and asynchronously. Asynchronous generators are more simple device, they are easier to maintain. Generators of this type are often used for household needs, since the output voltage asynchronous generator is different complete absence of harmonic distortion, which is especially important for electronic equipment such as computers, kitchen appliances, lighting elements, etc. Asynchronous generators less synchronous, but they absolutely can not tolerate peak overload. Synchronous generators are more productive when working with devices of the inductive nature of consumption: welding machines, electric saw, pumps and other devices that require "inrush current". This is due to the ability of synchronous generators in a short period of time (1-2 sec.) Furnish a current, which in strength several times greater than nominal. Synchronous generators have higher power quality, and capable of carrying 3-fold momentary overload. Recognized brands of synchronous generators - Mecc Alte (Italy), Leroy Somer (France), Newage Stamford (China). These manufacturers huge volumes of production, a long history of supply to Russia and development services. Way to start. By way of running stand-alone power plants can be divided into the model with manual start, electric starter and automatic start. The first two species differ from each other so that power to the starter does not require any physical action of the operator, other than pressing a button. In the case of a manual start function will turn the knob or pull cord. The presence of the electric starter is needed if a standalone generator need to install an automatic startup. Purpose of such a system - startup and shutdown at the right time without human intervention. For example, if your country house lost electricity, automatic battery power will understand it and use the electric starter and the battery will run the generator, providing the current necessary equipment. Additional options. For stand-alone power plants provide many additional options and appendage. There may be many, and they seriously affect the value of the power plant. One of the most important additional options - a special guard. The casing protects the generator set against corrosion, gives her the opportunity to work at atmospheric precipitation, and can significantly reduce engine noise. The need for housing is determined by the destination autonomous power and its scope. Gasoline-electric power stations cover in most cases not needed, since their own noise level can not give the problem of noise reduction is too important. More in demand covers the use of diesel power plants. If it is a powerful steady-state models, they are often installed in air-conditioned rooms, isolated from human habitats. If we are talking about the regular use of the generator as an independent source of energy and its use outdoors, near the people, housing is a must. As for the other options available, they have maximum choice in diesel plants, liquid-cooled (6 kW). These include: the ability to automatically start the generator, control its parameters on the display, and remotely on a computer, enlarged fuel tanks and various protection (overload, leakage current to earth, from weather conditions), equipment to transfer gasoline generator to work on liquefied natural gas , mufflers that reduce exhaust noise, etc. Producers. Companies that care about their reputation, give us a complete and truthful information about your product. On the background is not always honest statements by some sellers real figures are sometimes less attractive than the beautiful promises. If you are looking for power, contact several companies, you probably wonder: the same unit in different organizations and noise in different ways, and power has been uneven, and fuel consumption is one, then another number. With regard to markets, then (if you believe the sellers word for it), there does sell miracle machines with hundreds of thousands of hours of life. And most importantly, inexpensive. But is it worth all this true? Here are a few parameters that should check the integrity and professionalism of the vendors. Power battery power. It can be measured in kilovolt-amperes (kVA) or kilowatts (kW). Usually, the generator set is appropriate ratio of 1 kW = 0,8 kW. Sometimes sellers give the power in kVA for power in kW, thus overstating net power unit. This should be considered as consumed by household appliances, power is usually stated in kW. European manufacturers specify a nominal capacity of its plants are usually allowed to overload by 10% (not more than 1 hour for 12 hours). Maximum power of synchronous generators are not specified, but usually they can withstand double inrush currents (motor launch) for a few milliseconds. Japanese manufacturers specify nominal and maximum power, which differ markedly from each other (20%). At the same time at maximum power this generator can be operated only a few seconds, otherwise it will overload, so pay attention better than just the nominal power. Noise. Measured in decibels. Often do not specify at what distance is given a value (normally taken to measure the noise at 1, 4, 7 and 15 m) and a load (no load or nominal). The easiest way to compare the absolute unity LWA, it is the value specified by the manufacturer in booklets and on the plants themselves. Normal numbers are about 100 LWA (72-74 dB at 7 meters) for gasoline generator in an open performance, 77-82 dB at 7 meters for open diesel (at 3000 rpm.), 62-69 dB at 7 m for gasoline generator in the housing and 67-71 dB at 7 m for heavy-duty diesel equipment in the casing. MTBF. This is a statistical average figure uptime before the first overhaul. Normal rates for ordinary gasoline engines - 500 hours for semi - 1200 hours, professional - 3000 hours. For diesel engines air cooled - about 5000 hours, with liquid cooling - up to 40,000 hours. Fuel consumption. Some manufacturers provide data at a load of 75% of the others - at par (100 percent) load. When operation of the facility at a nominal load of less fuel consumption is reduced, but not more than 30-40%. Standby power backup system (auxiliary) power can be employed in parallel with the main source of energy. If you suddenly run out of fuel for your generator set, or your power is broken, it was the turn of the backup power supply. These sources are also appropriate to use when connecting to need only a few appliances, and use the generator may not be appropriate. With a small generator to operate the total load is not profitable, indeed, in some cases, it is fraught with failure of its engine. To understand the sources of supply in some cases it is expedient to use, try to divide all used in home appliances (consumers) into three categories: The least responsible consumers include appliances, without which you can do with the loss of electricity: electric sauna, cable systems floor heating and T . etc. All these devices will only work if running the main power in order to save and reasonable balance of the need / cost, we will not consider the redundancy of this type of consumer. Electricity consumers a comfortable stay: lighting, electrical, television, etc. to your room in the house remains comfortable, these devices must be powered from a backup source, as is appropriate to use the power plant. For life support system include consumers, without whom can not do even a very short time: emergency lighting, burglar and fire alarm systems, video surveillance, electronic locks, heating, etc. Generating Plant, equipped with the automatic system will work for 1-5 minutes after the outage main power supply. This time is critical to the computerized control systems, security systems and access control. Therefore, to ensure life-support system using uninterruptible power supplies. Dwell on them in detail.