Characteristics of insulating materials

Insulation materials are produced in blocks, slabs, bricks, etc. (Piece), coils, cords, and in the form of loose and friable material (mineral wool, expanded perlite, etc.). Depending on the density of insulating materials are divided into four groups: - very low density - low density - high density - dense. Loose materials for fillings and gaskets should be of approximately the same size, otherwise the filling will not be sufficiently homogeneous: 0,5 cm - for the expanded perlite, diatomite and tripoli; 1 cm - for volcanic ash, granulated slag and fuel ash, 1,5 cm - for the expanded vermiculite, and 2 cm - for fuel, slag, pumice and other natural porous materials. Mineral wool is an insulating material made from molten rock or steel slag, consisting of thin glass-like fibers and various fibrous inclusions (droplets of silicate melt, etc.). Temperature resistance of mineral wool not less than 600 ° C. Depending on the density of mineral wool produced in three grades: 75, 100, 125 kg/m3. Apply mineral wool for insulation as cold (up to -200 ° C) and hot (up to 600 ° C) surfaces, most often in the form of products - felt, mats, semi-rigid and rigid boards, insulation filling hollow walls and surfaces (for this it is granulated - turn in loose clumps). Mineral wool does not burn, it does not spoil the rodents. When working with the mineral wool should take precautions, as glass fibers can cause irritation of the skin and mucous membranes. Mineral rock wool mats are carpet made between bituminous paper, glass or metal mesh, stitched durable thread or thin wire. The length of the mat - to 500 cm, width - 150 cm, thickness - up to 10 cm, density - 100-200 kg/m3. Apply mineral mats for insulation enclosing structures of buildings, the surfaces of industrial equipment and piping at temperatures up to 400 ° C. Mineral wool mats on the metal grid is used for thermal insulation at temperatures up to 600 ° C. Mineral Felt is produced in the form of sheets and rolls of mineral wool soaked in synthetic resin dispersions. Density of felt - 100-150 kg/m3, thermal conductivity - 0,046-0,052 W / (m ° C). Used for insulation of walls and ceilings of brick, concrete and wooden houses in the form of sheets and panels. Glass - a fibrous insulation material made from molten glass. Glass has a high chemical resistance, non-flammable and does not glow, and its density in loose state not exceeding 130 kg/m3. Glass wool is made from cullet, or of the same components as the window glass (silica sand, limestone or chalk, soda, or sodium sulfate). Glass wool is virtually no shrinkage in the construction of the fibers it is not destroyed by prolonged shaking and vibration, it is poorly conducted and absorbs sound; malogigroskopichna; frost. Layer of glass wool with thickness of 5 cm corresponds to the thermal resistance of the brick wall thickness of 1 m. Apply glass wool from continuous glass fiber for the manufacture of insulation materials and products, as well as heat insulation structures at the surface temperature of -200 to 450 ° C. Glass wool and used as an acoustic material. Expanded perlite - a porous bulk material produced by swelling of natural perlite in a rotating shaft kiln at a temperature of 900-1200 ° C. During rapid heating to such temperatures hydration water, away from the rocks, swells it is repeated (5-20 times) increased. Expanded perlite is a sand with grains of white or gray and the air closed cell foam. The grain size - 0,1-5 mm. The density of perlite sand - 100-250 kg/m3. The thermal conductivity in the dry state - 0,046-0,071 W / (m ° C). Porosity - 90%. The number of open pores - 3-20%. Expanded perlite used in the form of heat-insulating fillings at insulated surfaces up to 800 ° C. Addition of expanded perlite to the mineral binder provides a fire-proof products, which have high hardness and good thermal properties. Perlite is used in mortar and concrete, going to cook a thermal insulation products, fire protection and decorative plasters. Expanded vermiculite is a loose porous material in the form of scaly particles of gold, is spurred on firing until swelling vermiculite - hydromica containing between elementary layers of bound water. The density of expanded vermiculite in grain size 0,5-1,5 cm is 80-150 kg / m 3, with smaller grains, it increases to 400 kg/m3. Water absorption of expanded vermiculite is very large. Felt construction made from lower grades of wool and animal waste spinning with the addition of dietary fiber and starch glue. Density of felt 150 kg/m3, thermal conductivity - about 0.06 W / (m ° C). Apply felts for thermal and sound insulation of walls and ceilings, plaster, insulation in the outer corners cut houses with windows and doors work. Felt, impregnated with a clay mortar, used in the furnace of fire works in the order. To prevent moth, felt is impregnated with 3% solution of sodium fluoride and dried before use. Heat-insulating foams are produced on the polymer binder in the form of gas-filled plastics, as well as mineral and steklovatnyh products. Porous and cellular plastics get two ways - by pressing and bespressovym. Products made of porous plastics polystyrene slurry is divided into grades M25, M35, on the emulsion polystyrene (density) - M50-200. Plates are made up to 1000 mm and a width of 700 mm. used as an insulator in layered panels (it goes well with asbestoalyuminiem. fiberglass). In recent years, increasing application are rolled thermal insulation (penofolga, folgoizol, penofol, etc.).