What are the steps

Ladder is the most complex three-dimensional element of a dwelling house, providing it with vertical connections on different trajectories. Over the centuries of its existence inside the house, it has evolved from a close and steep spiral, hidden deep in the stone wall, in a free-flying in the open space is easily pleated ribbon. Stairway stairway we call such that either the whole consists of one straight section, any of several straight segments of u-turns between them. Ladder can be positioned along the L-shaped wall, or in a U-shaped wall, or closed with four sides of the square. In this respect, modern stairs do not differ from those of which are mentioned in the same classic "Guide", which you mentioned. But the principles of modern devices ladder as the most important functional and decorative element of a residential house and a full-fledged facility engineering from the classic can be very different. Choosing the requirements and characteristics of the ladder site, usually caused by a general architectural solution of a house. There were houses in which the ladder was what is called a "highlight of the interior (but this happens rarely). This should be an open staircase, randomly placed in two rows of windows installation. It is easily visible from different points of view and has a parade, more representative character. Perhaps mirroring stairs in order to achieve symmetry. Upper area is sometimes converted into a balcony or a portion of the gallery upstairs. In general, to arrange such a ladder, you must have just a huge house. The open staircase wall version - version, when at least one march up along the wall. Perhaps the device neravnovelikih marches, especially when they include more than two. Possible, and custom solutions, for example, when the first march is still open and it is given a presentable form (by increasing the width or the careful finish of all parts, etc.) and then ladder becomes more modest, or if you want a more hidden and purely functional . Under the careful finishing of parts we have in mind, for example, the use of carved balusters, which can be manufactured on CNC machines. Basis FLOATING often serves as a solid metal beam - kosour. Bearing beams can be one - at the device of narrow stairs or two - if the device larger. Kosour narrow staircase can be manufactured not only from direct single-beam, but is made up of separate elements welded together. Looks like a staircase is quite unusual and very elegant. Furthermore, the use of welded Kosourov dialer allows you to make a staircase of unusual geometry. Cantilever staircase no less impressive looks and yet another type of stairs - the console. One end of the stages of such ladders incorporated into the wall and the second as it hangs in the air. The wall, which lays down the stairs, must be capital. Stages of such ladders are made of thicker material (no less than 60 mm). Accordingly, such ladders are the most expensive. Spinal Staircase They consist of separate elements connected to each other by sequential insertion of one element to another. In appearance resembles a staircase above the stairs to the complex welded Kosourov. The difference lies in the fact that elements of the ladder are welded to each other, and just keep one another by their very design. This design has one significant advantage - every element of it can be rotated relative to each other. As a result, you can get a ladder, not just reminiscent of the helical and coiled in a spiral, or resembling a snake, repeating the geometry of the curved walls, etc. This ladder is almost one and a half times more expensive than the stairs at the central Kosourov, though its essence is the same. Such steps we usually produce in case of sending in another city, where too expensive to send our installers. Assembling such a ladder in place, in principle, like meccano - inserts elements into one another, and then Attach the lower to the floor and the top to overlap. And even then applies a special rail - flexible (by the way, he also manages not very cheap). Apparent advantage of such stair is that it allows you to correct some errors of measurements and calculations, because each element is rotated. With it you can not just fix a bug in altitude of the stairs. It is necessary to warn customers of euphoria - will build themselves a geometry of the stairs, where no one has. But such thoughts often appear when customers behold Italian or German fliers. There come across photos of these stairs in such form, that just takes a delight, with no intermediate supports under them do not. In fact not so. These pictures are made specifically for advertising, using the same ladder in such a way without risk to life is impossible. To save the area can help input into the design elements of the spiral staircase - at the direct march on rotary platforms arranged zabezhnye stage. Zabezhnye stage in some cases, help to reduce the angle of the stairs, making stairs safer and more comfortable. Conclusion doors on rotary platforms and balconies makes use of them. Mandatory condition in this case is an organization of lighting the stairs. Since we're talking about the safety and comfort of stairs, then let's focus on these issues in more detail. Requirements to ensure maximum safety and comfort of use are so important that they are really worth looking in more detail. If a family has young children, in addition to the usual hangers, for them to do additional handrails. Handrail for the elderly repeated on the wall. To protect young children when using a ladder is used two more receiving. Firstly, you can substitute one balusters on each step to install two (in this case, you can use thinner balusters) - through a "picket fence" even a very young child to climb and, therefore, fall into the stairway opening, can not. Secondly, you can install on both sides of stairway temporary "gates" to the child unavailable for constipation. In this case, the child without any adult assistance to get on the ladder can not. When he grows up, and the staircase will cease to constitute a threat to his life, "gate" can be simply removed. When the device stairs we should remember that the ladder - it's not just a tool lift the human body to the upper floor. It is also a place on which you carry things, the same furniture. And the ladder should allow all to do it. Now, not every home can be installed on the roof beam, and with it attached to the hoist to lift things through the window. Yes, and you will not do it every time you need to raise to the second floor, or pull out cupboard. How and what made the stairs? Material fabrication and design stairs, above all, affect the artistic image of the interior. And the design of wood - unconditional favorite modern builders. Environmentally friendly, warm, varied shades of elements from solid timber yield sophisticated processing, traditional, beautiful, available, but the fire risks. Therefore, in a big house or establishment of desirable ladder of noncombustible materials. Here we can offer a universal method, when the carrier portion of marches and pads made of reinforced concrete, and the steps and railings "dress up" the tree. So to increase fire resistance design, providing reliability in case of fire this crucial escape route. The simplest and cheapest ladder - a ladder, consisting of one straight section. But such steps are now bought quite rare. We conducted once such an experiment. The customer asks for the simplest straight ladder. This project is completed. But in parallel and completed a second project - a ladder with adjustable platforms. Showed the draft to the customer, explained that this ladder looks much more spectacular and transform the house. They thought it looked and agreed to all the same with the second variation is. She went, of course, a little more expensive, the price then depends on the number of turns the size of stages and platforms. Of course, the most beautiful staircase made of oak and beech. But this ladder, so to speak, for people with money. By itself, the oak - the material is fairly expensive, but the original board used for the manufacture of staircases, costs from 600 to 1000 dollars per cubic meter. This, above all, and is determined by the high cost of such ladders. More simple - it's the stairs from coniferous wood: pine, larch. They are cheaper than oak and beech - softwood dried and of good quality costs from 100 to 200 dollars per cubic meter, ie, material cost almost 5 times cheaper. In total, it turns out that the ladder is made of oak costs 2-3 times more expensive than a ladder from the needles of the same dimensions and the same figure. Oh, and then decide everything possible taste and the owners. It should be noted that the same staircase, made of pine and oak, it looks completely different. Whatever did not say, oak - it is itself noble material, pine as it is pine. Yes, it is functional and beautiful, but it almost always loses in comparison with oak. Well-crafted oak with lacquer finish - it's alive, it even glows from within. The tree can be tinted in a wide range. Behave in oak and pine at this very differently. When you toniruete pine, and the whole structure is revealed: the layers, where the pitch smaller dye absorb and change the color, where more - do not absorb. As a result, the entire structure is revealed so that the product obtained by "spotty", rather "striped." Therefore, a small tree just toning freak. If even toned pine, then to a very dark color. Have to do it gradually, causing several layers of wood stains. I must say that each of us has their own idea about what should be the color of the stairs. Personally, my opinion - conifer tree can not render, in any case. Toning corrupts and degrades the appearance of finished stairs. The most beautiful, in my opinion - is the natural color of wood, whether it's needles or oak. Oak, of course, can be tinted, but very, very lightly. Each customer is always your opinion on this question. Require rendering, and the color of the door, and the color of the furniture. The customer is always right, so we will fulfill all wishes, but sometimes the look is hopelessly corrupt. Was one order when the staircase of oak painted white enamel. Of course, the client's wish we were clear - yet the oak has a high resistance to wear and a staircase will live longer than the ladder of conifers. But overall, this is, in my view, damage the oak wood. After all, with the same success could also use plastic, and pine - a coat of paint still can not tell. Enter the staircase in the overall design of the room - it is always difficult. The simplest option - it is when the furniture and doors are dark (almost black), and the walls are white. Tinted ladder in the same color, and of "design" is not vypadesh. The truth in this case, it is still, from a tree made those or other furnishings, as a dark color stain it is still not clear. Change is subsequently design is virtually impossible - tinted black to light the tree will not do it because stain deeply absorbed into the wood. With such a design would have to live the rest of his life. Therefore, before the first wooden piece of furniture "blacked out", we must think carefully. To link the light wood with a design space, of course, have to tinker. We now have quite a lot of orders in their own homes and own houses now prefer to build from solid wood: timber, round logs, etc. Interior finish - also a natural tree, mostly conifers. In this trim ladder Softwood fits simply and easily. But we must not forget that just as easily can be inscribed in it and the oak staircase. This yields an interesting mix of natural-colored soft wood on the walls with natural color oak staircase. Typical errors of customers even before he had to order a ladder typical trouble those who are coming to us ordered a ladder that they come ready to order is already in the house where the stairs leaving the place, not tied to being able to climb the ladder. Usually leave an opening 1.5 x1, 5 meters, and believe that such an opening can enter a comfortable and convenient staircase. This self-deception. In such an opening can be inscribed only maloudobnuyu and not very nice ladder, but climbing it will still be possible. But very often have to alter openings. The first recommendation for those who want to make a ladder - ladder project should be linked with the project at home. That is to say from the outset to lay a ladder to the project and not, as most architects - draws the symbol for the stairs, and then it turns out that the symbol drawn by the stairs has nothing to do, because to write it in the left seat is simply impossible. And the trouble is that now the architects were so many, but people who know how to design a ladder so little that it is usually not combined. Ladder must design specialist. And this should be done at a very early stage of manufacture at home. There is a huge contingent of developers who do not hire any architect, and design all by yourself. There are here and quite sensible projects that are implemented with minimal alterations, but there are design errors. This is understandable - many people simply have no idea how to design a staircase. For them, we can give other advice - contact the firm, which subsequently will produce a ladder. There will certainly help. At what stage should I contact? Better to do it at the design stage. For example, we are under such treatment itself ladder design will not, but sure will prompt a need to leave the doorway where the beams should be held and how to make the support. Unfortunately, we are giving advice when the house was built as a result has something to alter. And so the case with almost half of our customers. Another mistake from which you want to warn the individual builders. Now in vogue metalloderevyannye ladder, ie stairs with a metal base, "sheathed" wooden elements. Many people want to save in the construction of stairs, and try to make a ladder of "artisanal" way (we're not talking about the version that you describe in your journal in room 8, and stairs made of conventional welder, even a very experienced, but non-specialist of stairs). How many of these ladders, we are not trimmed, nor a normal among them virtually never seen. Simply, those who cooked the stairs, whatever experts they did not call themselves, cook it strictly by eye, and cook, as a rule, as it is more convenient to cook, but not how to do stairs. As a result, each stage has its own height and width, and ladder obtained maloudobnoy when walking. And all these defects to the wood sheathing is not visible. And as soon as its sheathe, once it becomes clear that the ladder "Kurguzov. Therefore, in all cases, were forced to alter a metal base. In general, to coated wood staircase looks beautiful, its metal base should be beautifully designed and beautifully produced no less. Typically, most customers forget about the design of stairwells, that is the protection from falling into this opening. Then suddenly it turns out that the design of the opening is almost half the price ladder. And people sometimes shy away when they are told. But without that ladder to do is simply impossible. And the last thing you want to draw the attention of your readers. Some companies offer the customer cover the stairs colored lacquer. There does not need multi-passes stains, etc. operations that require high labor costs. True, we also use this method, but always warn customers about where this will lead. And it leads to something here. After some time the lacquer wears - he simply "protretsya" on the steps. And to restore the original color of paint in the home will be impossible. That is 4-5 years ladder loses its form. In the traditional way you toniruete the tree itself, and cover the top with varnish. Any paint, of course, erased, no matter how strong he was. The only difference is that one wears faster, while the other slowly.

Ladder is the most complex three-dimensional element of a dwelling house, providing it with vertical connections on different trajectories. Over the centuries of its existence inside the house, it has evolved from a close and steep spiral, hidden deep in the stone wall, in a free-flying in the open space is easily pleated ribbon. Stairway stairway we call such that either the whole consists of one straight section, any of several straight segments of u-turns between them. Ladder can be positioned along the L-shaped wall, or in a U-shaped wall, or closed with four sides of the square. In this respect, modern stairs do not differ from those of which are mentioned in the same classic "Guide", which you mentioned. But the principles of modern devices ladder as the most important functional and decorative element of a residential house and a full-fledged facility engineering from the classic can be very different. Choosing the requirements and characteristics of the ladder site, usually caused by a general architectural solution of a house. There were houses in which the ladder was what is called a "highlight of the interior (but this happens rarely). This should be an open staircase, randomly placed in two rows of windows installation. It is easily visible from different points of view and has a parade, more representative character. Perhaps mirroring stairs in order to achieve symmetry. Upper area is sometimes converted into a balcony or a portion of the gallery upstairs. In general, to arrange such a ladder, you must have just a huge house. The open staircase wall version - version, when at least one march up along the wall. Perhaps the device neravnovelikih marches, especially when they include more than two. Possible, and custom solutions, for example, when the first march is still open and it is given a presentable form (by increasing the width or the careful finish of all parts, etc.) and then ladder becomes more modest, or if you want a more hidden and purely functional . Under the careful finishing of parts we have in mind, for example, the use of carved balusters, which can be manufactured on CNC machines. Basis FLOATING often serves as a solid metal beam - kosour. Bearing beams can be one - at the device of narrow stairs or two - if the device larger. Kosour narrow staircase can be manufactured not only from direct single-beam, but is made up of separate elements welded together. Looks like a staircase is quite unusual and very elegant. Furthermore, the use of welded Kosourov dialer allows you to make a staircase of unusual geometry. Cantilever staircase no less impressive looks and yet another type of stairs - the console. One end of the stages of such ladders incorporated into the wall and the second as it hangs in the air. The wall, which lays down the stairs, must be capital. Stages of such ladders are made of thicker material (no less than 60 mm). Accordingly, such ladders are the most expensive. Spinal Staircase They consist of separate elements connected to each other by sequential insertion of one element to another. In appearance resembles a staircase above the stairs to the complex welded Kosourov. The difference lies in the fact that elements of the ladder are welded to each other, and just keep one another by their very design. This design has one significant advantage - every element of it can be rotated relative to each other. As a result, you can get a ladder, not just reminiscent of the helical and coiled in a spiral, or resembling a snake, repeating the geometry of the curved walls, etc. This ladder is almost one and a half times more expensive than the stairs at the central Kosourov, though its essence is the same. Such steps we usually produce in case of sending in another city, where too expensive to send our installers. Assembling such a ladder in place, in principle, like meccano - inserts elements into one another, and then Attach the lower to the floor and the top to overlap. And even then applies a special rail - flexible (by the way, he also manages not very cheap). Apparent advantage of such stair is that it allows you to correct some errors of measurements and calculations, because each element is rotated. With it you can not just fix a bug in altitude of the stairs. It is necessary to warn customers of euphoria - will build themselves a geometry of the stairs, where no one has. But such thoughts often appear when customers behold Italian or German fliers. There come across photos of these stairs in such form, that just takes a delight, with no intermediate supports under them do not. In fact not so. These pictures are made specifically for advertising, using the same ladder in such a way without risk to life is impossible. To save the area can help input into the design elements of the spiral staircase - at the direct march on rotary platforms arranged zabezhnye stage. Zabezhnye stage in some cases, help to reduce the angle of the stairs, making stairs safer and more comfortable. Conclusion doors on rotary platforms and balconies makes use of them. Mandatory condition in this case is an organization of lighting the stairs. Since we're talking about the safety and comfort of stairs, then let's focus on these issues in more detail. Requirements to ensure maximum safety and comfort of use are so important that they are really worth looking in more detail. If a family has young children, in addition to the usual hangers, for them to do additional handrails. Handrail for the elderly repeated on the wall. To protect young children when using a ladder is used two more receiving. Firstly, you can substitute one balusters on each step to install two (in this case, you can use thinner balusters) - through a "picket fence" even a very young child to climb and, therefore, fall into the stairway opening, can not. Secondly, you can install on both sides of stairway temporary "gates" to the child unavailable for constipation. In this case, the child without any adult assistance to get on the ladder can not. When he grows up, and the staircase will cease to constitute a threat to his life, "gate" can be simply removed. When the device stairs we should remember that the ladder - it's not just a tool lift the human body to the upper floor. It is also a place on which you carry things, the same furniture. And the ladder should allow all to do it. Now, not every home can be installed on the roof beam, and with it attached to the hoist to lift things through the window. Yes, and you will not do it every time you need to raise to the second floor, or pull out cupboard. How and what made the stairs? Material fabrication and design stairs, above all, affect the artistic image of the interior. And the design of wood - unconditional favorite modern builders. Environmentally friendly, warm, varied shades of elements from solid timber yield sophisticated processing, traditional, beautiful, available, but the fire risks. Therefore, in a big house or establishment of desirable ladder of noncombustible materials. Here we can offer a universal method, when the carrier portion of marches and pads made of reinforced concrete, and the steps and railings "dress up" the tree. So to increase fire resistance design, providing reliability in case of fire this crucial escape route. The simplest and cheapest ladder - a ladder, consisting of one straight section. But such steps are now bought quite rare. We conducted once such an experiment. The customer asks for the simplest straight ladder. This project is completed. But in parallel and completed a second project - a ladder with adjustable platforms. Showed the draft to the customer, explained that this ladder looks much more spectacular and transform the house. They thought it looked and agreed to all the same with the second variation is. She went, of course, a little more expensive, the price then depends on the number of turns the size of stages and platforms. Of course, the most beautiful staircase made of oak and beech. But this ladder, so to speak, for people with money. By itself, the oak - the material is fairly expensive, but the original board used for the manufacture of staircases, costs from 600 to 1000 dollars per cubic meter. This, above all, and is determined by the high cost of such ladders. More simple - it's the stairs from coniferous wood: pine, larch. They are cheaper than oak and beech - softwood dried and of good quality costs from 100 to 200 dollars per cubic meter, ie, material cost almost 5 times cheaper. In total, it turns out that the ladder is made of oak costs 2-3 times more expensive than a ladder from the needles of the same dimensions and the same figure. Oh, and then decide everything possible taste and the owners. It should be noted that the same staircase, made of pine and oak, it looks completely different. Whatever did not say, oak - it is itself noble material, pine as it is pine. Yes, it is functional and beautiful, but it almost always loses in comparison with oak. Well-crafted oak with lacquer finish - it's alive, it even glows from within. The tree can be tinted in a wide range. Behave in oak and pine at this very differently. When you toniruete pine, and the whole structure is revealed: the layers, where the pitch smaller dye absorb and change the color, where more - do not absorb. As a result, the entire structure is revealed so that the product obtained by "spotty", rather "striped." Therefore, a small tree just toning freak. If even toned pine, then to a very dark color. Have to do it gradually, causing several layers of wood stains. I must say that each of us has their own idea about what should be the color of the stairs. Personally, my opinion - conifer tree can not render, in any case. Toning corrupts and degrades the appearance of finished stairs. The most beautiful, in my opinion - is the natural color of wood, whether it's needles or oak. Oak, of course, can be tinted, but very, very lightly. Each customer is always your opinion on this question. Require rendering, and the color of the door, and the color of the furniture. The customer is always right, so we will fulfill all wishes, but sometimes the look is hopelessly corrupt. Was one order when the staircase of oak painted white enamel. Of course, the client's wish we were clear - yet the oak has a high resistance to wear and a staircase will live longer than the ladder of conifers. But overall, this is, in my view, damage the oak wood. After all, with the same success could also use plastic, and pine - a coat of paint still can not tell. Enter the staircase in the overall design of the room - it is always difficult. The simplest option - it is when the furniture and doors are dark (almost black), and the walls are white. Tinted ladder in the same color, and of "design" is not vypadesh. The truth in this case, it is still, from a tree made those or other furnishings, as a dark color stain it is still not clear. Change is subsequently design is virtually impossible - tinted black to light the tree will not do it because stain deeply absorbed into the wood. With such a design would have to live the rest of his life. Therefore, before the first wooden piece of furniture "blacked out", we must think carefully. To link the light wood with a design space, of course, have to tinker. We now have quite a lot of orders in their own homes and own houses now prefer to build from solid wood: timber, round logs, etc. Interior finish - also a natural tree, mostly conifers. In this trim ladder Softwood fits simply and easily. But we must not forget that just as easily can be inscribed in it and the oak staircase. This yields an interesting mix of natural-colored soft wood on the walls with natural color oak staircase. Typical errors of customers even before he had to order a ladder typical trouble those who are coming to us ordered a ladder that they come ready to order is already in the house where the stairs leaving the place, not tied to being able to climb the ladder. Usually leave an opening 1.5 x1, 5 meters, and believe that such an opening can enter a comfortable and convenient staircase. This self-deception. In such an opening can be inscribed only maloudobnuyu and not very nice ladder, but climbing it will still be possible. But very often have to alter openings. The first recommendation for those who want to make a ladder - ladder project should be linked with the project at home. That is to say from the outset to lay a ladder to the project and not, as most architects - draws the symbol for the stairs, and then it turns out that the symbol drawn by the stairs has nothing to do, because to write it in the left seat is simply impossible. And the trouble is that now the architects were so many, but people who know how to design a ladder so little that it is usually not combined. Ladder must design specialist. And this should be done at a very early stage of manufacture at home. There is a huge contingent of developers who do not hire any architect, and design all by yourself. There are here and quite sensible projects that are implemented with minimal alterations, but there are design errors. This is understandable - many people simply have no idea how to design a staircase. For them, we can give other advice - contact the firm, which subsequently will produce a ladder. There will certainly help. At what stage should I contact? Better to do it at the design stage. For example, we are under such treatment itself ladder design will not, but sure will prompt a need to leave the doorway where the beams should be held and how to make the support. Unfortunately, we are giving advice when the house was built as a result has something to alter. And so the case with almost half of our customers. Another mistake from which you want to warn the individual builders. Now in vogue metalloderevyannye ladder, ie stairs with a metal base, "sheathed" wooden elements. Many people want to save in the construction of stairs, and try to make a ladder of "artisanal" way (we're not talking about the version that you describe in your journal in room 8, and stairs made of conventional welder, even a very experienced, but non-specialist of stairs). How many of these ladders, we are not trimmed, nor a normal among them virtually never seen. Simply, those who cooked the stairs, whatever experts they did not call themselves, cook it strictly by eye, and cook, as a rule, as it is more convenient to cook, but not how to do stairs. As a result, each stage has its own height and width, and ladder obtained maloudobnoy when walking. And all these defects to the wood sheathing is not visible. And as soon as its sheathe, once it becomes clear that the ladder "Kurguzov. Therefore, in all cases, were forced to alter a metal base. In general, to coated wood staircase looks beautiful, its metal base should be beautifully designed and beautifully produced no less. Typically, most customers forget about the design of stairwells, that is the protection from falling into this opening. Then suddenly it turns out that the design of the opening is almost half the price ladder. And people sometimes shy away when they are told. But without that ladder to do is simply impossible. And the last thing you want to draw the attention of your readers. Some companies offer the customer cover the stairs colored lacquer. There does not need multi-passes stains, etc. operations that require high labor costs. True, we also use this method, but always warn customers about where this will lead. And he now leads to nothing. After some time the lacquer wears - he simply "protretsya" on the steps. And to restore the original color of paint in the home will be impossible. That is 4-5 years ladder loses its form. In the traditional way you toniruete the tree itself, and cover the top with varnish. Any paint, of course, erased, no matter how strong he was. The only difference is that one wears faster, while the other slowly. To restore the "shabby" layer of colorless lacquer enough to pick up a brush and apply a new layer. This operation will take only an hour or two, and your ladder will look as good as new again. Colored lacquer so easily can not be restored. It will dissolve the previous coat of varnish, and the result is a scribble. You can certainly use it to restore gun, but many do we have houses in which we can safely work with a paint sprayer. After all, zalesh and walls, and .... In general, the interior ditch. So the classic version in terms of maintainability is also preferable. Our today's conversation we started with a mention of the import ladders are widely represented in our market. Can not say that the Italians or the Germans in our market is not the place - they offer the stairs really cool. But their forest nor in the one nor the other country does not - the forest they have mostly ours, Russia. So why is from the same forest Italians and Germans are made ladder with the best international standards and standing "mad" money, and we make the stairs, which are cheaper to order and the quality is not worse. This question I asked in one of the firms that sell Italian ladders. And you know what I heard in response? - "We would be pleased traded domestic staircases and components for their construction. For we often come to local firms and offer their goods for sale. Those balusters bring just feast for the eyes. Here are just in time these beautiful balusters are covered by cracks, and the buyer immediately returned to us with complaints. We have just afraid to mess with. That comes from the Baltic States is quite normal stairs - it's pretty expensive products, because each is decorated with hand-carved banister. But at least they sell are not afraid - they do not crack and cause no complaints. "So why is all this happening? Is in Russia, which has not even centuries, and millennia-old experience in using wood for construction of anything, there is no possibility to produce high-quality ladder? One reason for this is this. Foreigners buy our woods that is called "standing", ie as svezhespilennyh logs. Dried wood, they have not bought, but prefer to log to saw themselves dry. Wood drying needs a lot of energy and energy expensive. Domestic producer to reduce energy costs and often reduces the drying schedule, or holds bake. And the result is either poorly dried wood or wood burned by over-temperature drying. And the board looks just looks perfect. But once you start to handle it, she immediately bursts. And if not immediately snapped, then necessarily cracked over time. We're on it repeatedly, "prick", while not acquired the relevant experience and not taken the normal suppliers. That is, we do not take the woods anywhere, and where cheaper, we take the timber only from the kilns, where we are confident in the technology of drying. Making the same technology to observe the drying can only economic way, ie refusing to take a poorly dried wood. Refuse - wood immediately outbids and warehouse not lie. That is, it goes like hot cakes. And we can not afford to build a stairway from the "junk" - you ought to both client and yourself a little respect. Shalturish once - then you will lose much more. Therefore, if you want to get a quality ladder, which would have served for a long time and survived to you all the details of stairs should be made of dry material and must be glued. The fact that the steps, balusters and other items made of solid wood, as a rule, leads, and after a while they lose and the shape and appearance. Reference to the fact that in olden ladder did it so, not quite consistent. Before the tree before it began to be used for construction of stairs, dried for decades. This took place under the eaves in the breeze, and as a result of the tree was dried completely. Now all the artificial drying. A synthetic and natural drying - is, as they say in Odessa, two big differences. Therefore, if the artificially-dried boards make step, then after some time it must lead and it will crack. Therefore, it should definitely be glued from separate boards - the plots. Plot should be a certain size. Cheap laminated products are connected by a smooth fugue - are glued together two smooth surfaces. I must say that such bonding does not provide a long service life. Much greater reliability and durability ensures the gluing of the plots through a "key". "Key" has a specific size ratio relative to the glued plots. When connecting parts between them remain the cavity to compensate for possible changes in size due to changes in humidity. To stairs, which is pretty expensive, served long and trouble-free, it must be "glued". And all self-respecting manufacturers of staircases in the world are doing just that. Prices The average price of components of one linear meter of straight ladder looks like this: Kosourov 2 pcs. x 1 point / m - $ 240; level 3 pc. - $ 105; risers 3 pc. - $ 60; balusters 3 pc. - $ 75; pillows 3 pieces. - $ 15; handrail 1 st / m - $ 25. TOTAL: $ 520. This list does not include finishing and other necessary items, such as supporting columns, plinth, plug, etc., as well as the cost of building, toning (+ 5%) and varnish (+ 10.5%). When reckoning the cost should be borne in mind that the cost of zabezhnoy level approximately 2.5 times higher than normal.