Water redistribution

Anti-basement house and surrounding areas from the destructive action of water is extremely important. After all, this is why about 90% of all damage underground parts of buildings. Excess moisture and bring damage to the plot: neprosyhayuschie puddles, dying plants and trees - are just two of the most visible manifestations of waterlogged soil. Protect the country home and surrounding landscape are called complex systems vodootvede-of, which include drainage facilities and the so-called showers Nevki serving for surface drainage. Often, installing a component of the system are neglected, forgetting that only a combination of all of its elements will allow the owner of the house feel comfortable, because well-organized drainage helps to lower the groundwater level, and livnevka gather moisture drained from the roofs and floodwaters. Drainage for homes begin with the drainage system, hosted vokrugdoma.Etohoti invisible but very important element in creating a durable housing. Together with high-quality waterproofing drainage system will prevent the construction of safe from damage associated with excessive dampness. But among them may be not only damaging the foundation, damp or, worse, a water-filled basements, but warped door frames and window frames, swollen and twisted flooring, damaged load-bearing structures. So save on the unit drainage area may result in substantial costs to the complex and time-consuming repairs. Drainage system - is quite complex engineering structure, intended for the collection and removal of infiltrated-GOVERNMENTAL and groundwater. In other words, the primary goal of drainage - to ensure lowering of groundwater level around the house, which is especially important if you have had underground rooms, as well as to prevent their rapid ascent. Quite natural to ask: is it always needs drainage? The main criteria here are the level of groundwater and soil type. If the soil is clayey or loamy, and they, for example, in the suburbs quite a lot, then melt and rain water flows inwards not leak and accumulate on the surface. As a result, moisture can penetrate underground facilities, causing otsyrevanie entire house. And if water and groundwater are located close to the surface, the situation becomes really critical, and without a reliable drainage system will be very difficult to manage. But definitely say that the drainage system is needed or not, can only specialists, hydrogeologists, who drilled with augers in the area several wells to a depth of 5 m and studying hydrogeological maps, determine the level of ground water in different periods of the year. If the ground water are closer 2,5 m above the ground - drainage system is needed. The choice of produce based on the amount of water that must be deleted. All of the required information for decision contained in paragraph 3.23 SNIP 2.06.15-85 "Engineering protection of territories against flooding and waterlogging:" When choosing drainage systems must be taken into account the shape and size of the area requiring drainage, nature of the movement of groundwater, geologic structure, flow properties and capacity characteristics of aquifers, the area of ??distribution of aquifers, taking into account the conditions of supply and discharge of groundwater, the quantitative value of the balance components of groundwater, the forecast rise of groundwater levels and reduce it in the implementation of protective measures. " So that the creation of safe working drainage system-a difficult task and for which one must possess special knowledge and operate a large number of technical parameters. That's why, "not to bury the money in the ground" (in fact modern quality drainage systems are quite expensive), and spend them with maximum impact, it is best to order the project in specializing in this type of work firme.Ne secret that the drainage system of the device is best take care of even during the construction of the house, namely at the stage of construction of the foundation - in this time of assembly is the most efficient and cost effective, and it can be done with maximum consideration of the hydrogeological conditions. Drainage is mounted, both before and after waterproofing the basement or cellar, but always before the general backfilling outside of the foundation. If the communication to the building has not let me down, you must specify the place of their entry into the house or trail in the area to points of entry. In the future it will preserve the integrity and efficiency of the drainage system. Do not despair, and if the house has been built, easy to install drainage facilities will cost more. Have to spend a considerable amount of excavation, digging trenches for laying drainage pipes and installation of other system components. Case - Drain pipe systems may be open (drainage ditches), closed (with drain pipes) and Charging (gravel, brick, rubble). Open Charging and drainage in recent years is quite rare. On modern villa and cottage areas often arrange closed drainage system, which placed special pipes, drains. Until recently, commonly used ceramic or asbestos-cement pipe. Before installation, they did cuts or drilled holes. Now use special corrugated, perforated along the length of one-, two-and multilayer plastic pipes. Due to the corrugated surface drains have sufficient stiffness and small thickness of walls can withstand heavy loads, and the corrugations can evenly distribute the load on the pipe. For manufacturing products often choose low-polyethylene (HDPE) or high (HDPE) pressure polivinilhlo Reed (PVC) and polypropylene (PP). A large number of small holes in the drains contributes to the efficient collection of water supplied to them and its allotment in the water intake wells. But each of the types of pipes has its own characteristics. Let's start with the fact that single-layer mainly made of uPVC. Due to the fact that the inner surface, as well as external, they crinkled, these tubes are highly elastic, but a small ring stiffness limits the depth of their placement (2 - 3 m). Double-layer products are generally made from polyethylene. In contrast to the monolayer, they have a smooth inner wall, which allows you to use them where the water contains a variety of suspension. Well, for operation in harsh conditions, eg under the road along which goes heavy equipment needed severe multi-drainage pipes, designed for heavy loads, and installation at a depth of 10 m. The polymer drainage pipes are manufactured with an internal diameter of 50 to 200 mm. On country and cottage areas are most commonly used products with internal / external diameter of 80/92, 91/100, 113 / 1, 26 and 145/160 mm. For protection from siltation and clogging the holes with sand and soil, some brands of drainage pipes supplying the shells of the filter material. As an example of such pipes can lead pipes "Geodren January 1910 (MHP) of" GEOSTROYKOMPLEKS, pipe companies WAVIN, UPONOR and many others. Most filters used in two forms: from geotextiles and natural coconut fiber. Drains with geotextile filter mounted on a sandy loam and peat soils. Model with a filter made of coconut fiber is laid in loam and clay. Well, the pipe without a filter is usually used where the probability of falling into their sand holes and mud is completely absent, however, such soils have a rarity. The service life of polymer drainage pipe exceeds 50 years. Polymer drains are supplied in coils of 50 and 1 00 m in length, while the mass of the 50-meter - about 25 kg. For joining pipes together are special couplings and fittings. Now high-quality polymeric drainage pipes on the Russian market offers firms WAVIN (Denmark), REHAU and FRANKISCHE (Germany), UPONOR and MAVO (Finland), AGRO-DREN (Poland), domestic companies' RUSTEHPLAST "," TEHNORESURS "," Rome "and etc. Prices depend on the pipe material, diameter and material of the winding and range from 27-30 (no filter) and 45-50 (with filter) for pipes with a diameter of 65-80 mm to 300-400 rubles. for large diameter pipes. When you create a drainage system except the drainage pipes will need inspection and rotary shafts, which serve to control the work of drainage facilities and periodic cleaning, which typically require time in 5-1 0 years. Until recently, the wells were collected from concrete rings with a diameter of 400 or 700 mm, but today are increasingly used PVC products. Most widely used by individual households have a diameter of 31 models of 5 mm and a height ranging from 1.25 to 3 pm They are durable and easy enough, does not require installation of special equipment, not to mention the fact that the installation of such plastic devices dramatically reduces the amount of earthworks. Well, in order to hatches wells did not spoil the appearance of local area, they are shut down in various ways: flower vases, benches, garden sculptures and even the land on which the lawn. Collected drainage water enters the pipes located at the lowest point of rainwater pit area where it can climb for irrigation, discharged to a common drainage ditch or storm sewer pipe, sent to the absorptive capacity. There are options now that we've already learned the basic elements of drainage systems, go to the options for the panels from excessive moisture underground parts of country houses. By the nature of the location of such drainage is divided into two main types - Wall and reservoir. Choosing between them is carried out based on the available hydrogeological conditions: groundwater level and soil type. Reservoir drainage is mainly used to protect the underground parts of buildings, erected on impermeable soils - clay and loamy. It is performed by the so-called filter bed to be placed at the base of the protected structures directly on the water-bearing soil, and do so simultaneously with the construction of the building. This type of drainage construction completely protects not only against flooding groundwater, but also on the moisture of capillary moisture. Wall drainage is used in cases where the impermeable layer lies superficially on the surface and the base of the protected building is located directly on it. Drainage is designed to collect and divert water that comes close to the foundation walls of the building to limit the rise of water level above the location of drainage pipes to prevent flooding of basements. To achieve this, the drains from the filter Side placed around the perimeter of buildings from the outside of the foundation at a distance of not less than 0,7 m from the plane of the wall and deepened below the base home. Laying depth of wall drainage in relation to the basement floor is 0,5 - 1 m. But most use a combination of reservoir and the near-wall drainage. In this case, the reservoir drain is connected to the Wall with the help of tubes or special filtering materials. Like PW, Wall drainage operates under construction foundation. If a decision to build the drainage system has already emerged some time after the erection of houses, it makes sense to use a trench ring option. Then drain circuit placed at a distance of 1,5-3 m from the walls around the perimeter of the protected building. Depth of lowering the groundwater level in this case depends on the degree of penetration of drainage pipes. There are two types of such a drain - the perfect and imperfect. The second is no worse than the first, just a horizontal pipe drainage perfect type completely cuts through the aquifer and reaches the impermeable layer, while imperfect - only partially. As well as around the house, if necessary, trench drainage can be carried out and all over the plot. In this case, however, often use linear scheme for the collection of groundwater. Installation of the drainage system of quality drainage system depends on the correctness and accuracy of its installation. The bottom of the excavated trench stamps and fall asleep layer of crushed stone or gravel with a minimum thickness of 5 cm, on which he laid the pipe. In this case, the drainage layer is planned with a constant slope: in clay soils it should be not less than 2 mm / running. m, sandy - 3 mm / running. m. In reality, however for a good flow of water needed slope of 5-10 mm in 1 running. m pipe. Cut to size the drain connects the slip-couplings, tees, layering and other shapes. After installation and testing of proper sleep draining pipe materials. Closer to Dranagh poured a layer of washed gravel or gravel with a grain size not exceeding 16 mm. On top of geotextile fabric trail that separates it from the layer of sand grain size 0,5-1 mm. Depending on the permeability of the surrounding soil layer thickness ranges from 1 0 to 30 cm - the lower the permeability, the thickness of backfill. Backfill drains should be carried out very carefully so as not to disturb the compounds and not to change slope tubes. Well, the top layer of drainage cover previously excavated earth from which pre-remove stones. Often, to improve the collection of water instead of land filling the trench permeable soil and cover with turf. Depth of laying drainage pipes depends on the level of groundwater, and in addition, determined by the depth of soil freezing, the degree of penetration of the building foundation and a number of other parameters. In any case, the drains have not less than 80 cm from the surface. Water is drained by gravity (due to bias) or forced (pump) into the overall drainage ditch, outside the ditch, ravine, decorative pond, drainage wells, or storm sewers. Surface drainage system to drain rainwater and flood water, which can also adversely affect the earth are in the construction of houses, use of linear and point-catchment. Linear drainage system - a way to collect and diversion of surface water, based on the device flat slope of the line of drainage. This line are modular channels, while it is based on topography plot plan of the building or complex of buildings. Using linear drainage can reduce the length of the network of sewer pipes and reduce the likelihood of clogging. Well Point drainage is widely used to collect rain water flowing down from the roof for rainwater systems. In this case, storm-water inlets placed directly under the drain pipe and connected to a storm sewer. For a long time in surface drainage systems used concrete gutters and storm-water inlets of different sizes, weights and shapes with iron railings and without. They are produced by many domestic firms. The main difficulties in using such products in individual housing accounted for their weight and complexity of installation. That's why appearing around 10.01 five years ago in our market imports of superficial drainage systems, made of polymer, quickly found their consumers. They are significantly lighter than concrete, and their average lifespan - about 30 years. One of the first such products supplied to Russia by German company ASO. Now polymer concrete trench produced many domestic and Western manufacturers. But the most interesting for country houses and villages plastic channels. Incidentally, shortly after the submission of the domestic market of plastic channels Recyfix firm HAURATON on sale there were not inferior to them by quality of products of Russian companies' EVROTREY-Ding ". As a system of surface drainage from the plastic in the Russian market are the "EKOMASTER, RusVinyl", "Standartpark" and several others. Is on sale and plastic gutters of Western firms - MSOSchFrantsiya), FIRST (Italy). A remarkable feature of the plastic channel is lightweight and a wide range of sizes - there is a product of only 60 mm in height and 200 - and even 400-mm. Prices depend on the material trough depth and the manufacturer. The cheapest and concrete channels. Price per meter shallow channel - from 1 to 40 rubles. for absorption. m. The cheapest plastic channel domestic production can be found for 270-300 rubles. A similar channel is produced in Europe costs about 2-2,5 times more expensive. Except the gutters are offered a variety of storm-water inlets, drainage gutters, sand traps, waste collectors, various lattices, terminal tubes, end caps, plugs with discharge connections, siphons for the sand-trap and drainage tray and other items makes it easy to create an optimal and efficient system configuration collection and disposal of water.