Rules of survival

Eli look at the current state of green spaces in our cities, you can literally grab the head - so sad spectacle they are. Surrounded by new buildings are constantly under the fear ax "Zelenstroya" and regular "folk festivals" breathe fumes plants can no longer fulfill its mission - to decorate the urban landscape and bring it harmony, tranquility and beauty. And this is all happening against the background of active construction of urban houses, which, of course, require landscaping and improvement of the landscape. How do we solve this urgent problem? First, the need to treat nature with love, but to his hometown - not only as to the residence, but also as to their property, and inherited a difficult path. Second, do not be indifferent, "hurrying for" citizen. Indifference to the nature and ugliness that are happening there, we just destroy you. And thirdly, professionals should adhere to basic rules of landscape, thereby contributing to the revival of gardens, parks and squares of megacities, and give a full life in an urban environment, thus cottage landscapes and landshaftikam. Remember the error, learn from achievements begin with small literacy classes. Fashionable nowadays the word "urbolandshaft" - rather, it is a professional term. It consists of two concepts: "urbanization" and "landscape", which actually means "urban landscape systems. In turn, urbanization (Fr. "urbanisation", from Latin. "Urbanus" - city) - the historical process of increasing the role of cities in development, which covers the socio-professional and demographic structure of the population, its lifestyle, culture, and distribution of productive forces , moving, etc. It has a huge impact on the development of various socio-economic formations and states. It is connected with the cities of the main achievements of civilization. Civilization is a civilization and its achievements, of course, very important, but that in this case goes to the nature-mother? Achievements of civilization, of course, very important, but that in this case goes to the nature-mother? Today's environmental problems made it extremely topical issues of preservation, renovation and new landscaping facilities in the city. Unfortunately, city officials often underestimate the need for a systematic approach to greening our streets. A developed famous Ukrainian masters of landscape art, such as Leonid Rubtsov, Alexey Laptev, Ivan Rodichkin approaches to creating green spaces in the best case, surface, and at worst - simply forgotten. For example, most of the "stony gardens" or "alpine flower gardens" of Kiev as the assortment of plants and the planning and execution of only approximately resemble Rubtsov tried and tested and described the principles of their arrangement, and look pretty primitive. Experience in creation and reconstruction of collector-exposure areas in the National Botanical Garden to them. NNGrishko and conduct an inventory of green space in Kiev show, on the one hand, the effectiveness of application of these developments, but on the other - about the absolute necessity of their use in public green spaces and landscaping. The fact that the full development of the modern landscape art is impossible without studying its history - the achievements and mistakes. Heritage of mankind in this field are so significant that, in fact, is invaluable. Conservation, restoration and augmentation of this skill for today - the main task of Landscape Architects. Terms of urban habitat specificity of the modern garden-park facilities is to enhance visitors' attention to the aesthetic design of botanical exhibits, which should please the eye for its spectacular variety of shapes and colors. Therefore, the principal criteria for evaluating modern landscape displays - a great variety of species, mold and high-quality assortment of ornamental plants, the original landscape and architectural design and planning of the territory, demo collections, and the potential creation of new exhibitions to popularize certain groups of plants, as well as free access of visitors to inspection exposures. We must not forget that the main "actors" in urboland Shaft in plants. And how comfortable they feel in the walls of the city depends on the general form of the landscape and its beauty. Therefore crucial for the successful growth of green plants have ecotopes (set of conditions defined inorganic medium plot). That is, a place where live plants, should be fundamental to the determination of the composition of plants and the nature of their placement on-site landscaping. Each ecotope inherent special characteristics that must be considered when choosing green plants: soil conditions, fumes in the air, ventilated area, topography, climate, etc. An important feature of urban soils is their texture, since they include the impurity of debris, the remnants of the parent rock , iron, etc. It is clear that gidrosvoystva soil aeration and physical-chemical and microbiological processes vary depending on the mechanical composition of soils. In connection with this scheme of creation of green spaces in any particular urbolandshafte looks that way. First of all, it is necessary to carry out some preliminary work: analysis and scientific principles to the creation of plant groups, the study of the characteristics of the territory, improving soil conditions to an average of their quality, choice assortment of plants. Followed by the landing of woody plants (large-sized) with a formed root system (no visible damage to the ground part) and the crown, seeding grasses, lawn establishment, in accordance with the technological schemes. On the example of the scheme for assessing the ecological value of the botanical garden can be carried out a similar assessment of any urbolandshafta. After all, Botanical Gardens ~ is an artificially created object with a half-natural urbolandshaftom consisting of natural parts, urbanized-social part (construction, transport, railways, utilities, etc.) and objects of social human activity. Most significant manmade factor affecting the plant in the botsada is the negative effect of toxic emissions from industrial plants and motor vehicles. Importantly, these urban conditions lead to a gradual displacement of natural flora plants not typical for the area, as well as plants synanthropic nature (ie nature-related person). The fact is that the morning fog, basically increasing the overall humidity and positively influencing the growth and development of most plants, in our case bostryayut situation - the action of toxic gases on the surface of photosynthesizing plants under high humidity increases. It is sad, but some plants for centuries lived in our town, gradually giving way to fellow human beings, more adapted to heavy urban conditions. When you create urbolandshaftov ecological value of the territory where they will live plants, determined by visual perception and analytical treatment of the material on a point system. This takes into account: the quality of soils and pollution, the degree of greening of the area, the level of air pollution, etc., etc. The maximum score environmental values ??of a particular territory is 52 points, lowest - 13. Such evaluation helps correct organization of the landscape gardening of the object. Given the ecological value of microlandscape, a program of his arrangement: the use of species, varieties and forms of plants that have passed the primary test to conditions of ecotopes meet environmental requirements projected for these plants, the formation of green space on the principle of coming as close to their natural conditions, carrying out maintenance works for provide resistance of plants to the environment, environmental impact assessment in case of violations of ecological balance, the development of landscape maps of individual areas and exhibits of relief. Thus, the creation of parts of nature in the metropolitan areas (near the condominium, industrial plants, highways, etc.) should be based only on scientific principles, and then they will take into account all the nuances of modern urbolandshafta. Love is the nature of the townspeople should be expressed not only in the contemplation of the bouquet, standing on the table, but also a desire to make his hometown a beautiful flower garden, worthy of admiration.