Central air conditioning system

Called central air conditioning system serving a few or one large room. Various types of central air conditioners: the type PACKAGED, sectional, self-contained, multizone central air-conditioning. Consider some of them. PACKAGED type air conditioners air conditioning systems such as PACKAGED from the indoor unit cabinet type (sometimes called columns) are used to treat the air in large rooms (concert and conference rooms, shops, restaurants, manufacturing facilities, computer rooms, waiting rooms, ticket halls). By way of feeding the treated air installation of this type are divided into air-conditioning, feeding processed air pressure in the ducts of the ventilation system and air conditioning, feeding processed air directly into the amount of serviced premises. Multizone central air-conditioning in the early 80-ies a number of leading in the field of air conditioning companies (Daikin. HITACHI. Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Matsushita (Panasonic / National), and others) have developed a new product in a comfortable air-conditioning - the so-called system Variable refrigerant flow (VRF), or multizone system successfully combines the advantages of autonomous local and central air conditioning systems. Treatment of air in the room is served by the indoor unit, similar in technical capabilities and consumer qualities of the indoor unit of household or a semi-split systems. Group of indoor units (various types and capacities) is attached to the outdoor unit system of insulated copper piping.

A breath of fresh air

Precondition for comfort and health protection is the air. A person inhales daily 20 thousand liters of air. For the normal state of health and performance we need natural air saturated with ozone, ions, and volatile production. Everyone knows that "urban" air away from the pure mountain air, and if more and put in a box sealed windows, do not miss a breath of fresh air, you feel like gin, but no longer in the bottle, and in his own apartment. If there is no ventilation in the room - there is dead air, humidity, odors. Opening the window, we let in the room fumes, dust, noise and drafts. Output is obvious - you need to install a good ventilation system, which will relieve you from this trouble. In order to choose the right ventilation, you need to know its basic characteristics. This air pressure (static pressure), heater power (necessary to supply air ventilation systems for heating the outdoor air in winter time) and performance in the air. The choice of specific parameters depend on the size, location and purpose of ventilated rooms, the number of people living there. Ventilation can be natural and mechanical. Natural ventilation. Natural ventilation system are simple. They do not require sophisticated equipment and consumption of electrical energy. However, the effectiveness of such systems depends on the variables - temperature, wind speed and direction, so that they can hardly be considered reliable. Mechanical ventilation. In mechanical systems use fans, motors, heaters, scrubbers - devices that allow air to move over long distances.

Classification of air conditioning systems (ACS)

What is air conditioning Air-conditioning - is the creation and automatic maintenance (regulation) in enclosed spaces or all of the individual parameters (temperature, humidity, cleanliness, speed of movement) of air at a certain level in order to ensure optimal meteorological conditions most conducive to human well-being or management process. Air-conditioning is carried out of the hardware, called the air conditioning system (ACS). The composition of SLE include hardware air intake, preparation, that is to give the necessary conditions "(filters, heat exchangers, humidifiers or dehumidifiers), movement (fans) eo and distribution, as well as means refrigerant and heat supply, automation, remote monitoring and control. SLE large public, office and industrial buildings are served, as a rule, complex automated control systems. Automatic air-conditioning system maintains a given state of the air in the room regardless of the oscillation parameters the environment (weather conditions). The main equipment for the preparation of air-conditioning system and air movement is aggregated (composed into a single package) into the machine, called the air-conditioning. In many cases, all the technical means for air conditioning are arranged in one block or two blocks, and then the concept of SLE "and" conditioner "ambiguous. Signs of the classification of air conditioning before you go to the classification of air conditioning systems, it should be noted that the standard classification of SLE is still not there, and it is connected the multiple concepts, technical and functional characteristics that depend not only on technical capabilities of the systems themselves, but also the object of application (air-conditioned rooms).

How to choose the air conditioner?

Air Conditioner - a device which in addition to the traditional cooling air in the room is also used for heating in cold weather, ventilation, drainage, and additional purification of air through the built-in or optional filter is installed. Modern manufacturers offer consumers many varieties and models of air conditioners: from small mobile devices for small rooms to entire systems for large trading floors. The main way to control the temperature in the room - is to install air conditioning. Invented this naipolezneyshaya car was in the early 20 th century in the United States. Father of all air conditioners became the inventor Willis Carrier, who built a refrigeration machine for the printing plant in Brooklyn, New York, though she had intended to fight the humidity. And already in 1924 in Detroit had the first system is for cooling the air in one of the stores. What kind of air-conditioners exist and what is better? 1. Mobile air conditioning - is a conditioner that is installed in the room, bringing a special corrugated hose out the window, door, ventilator or ventilation shaft. Mobile air conditioner takes the air out of the room and divides into two streams: the hot and cold. Hot is removed from the premises through flexible tubing, and the cold stays in the room. Sometimes, mobile air conditioners are equipped with filters, purifying the air of dust, and a built-ionizer. Portable air-conditioners on the market products of companies DELONGHI, King-Post, AIRWELL, ELECTRA, TOSHIBA.

GOST R IEC 449-96. Electrical installations of buildings. Voltage ranges.

GOST R IEC 449-96 UDC 696.6:006.354 Group E08 ELECTRICAL BUILDINGS voltage range GCS 27020, 29020 OKS 3402 Effective date 1/1/1997 Preface 1. Prepared and submitted to the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 337 "Electrical residential and public buildings." 2. Adopted and put into operation the Decree of the Russian State Standard July 10, 1996 № 445. 3. This standard is the authentic text of the International Standard IEC 449-73 "The voltage range of electrical installations of buildings" with Amendment number 1 (1979). 4. First introduced. Introduction This standard provides for the use of international standard IEC 449-73 "The voltage range of electrical installations of buildings". Electrical Code and in particular the regulation of protection against electric shock are determined by the voltage used. Since it is impossible, and there is no need to consider separately each value of applied voltage, the IEC standards for certain types of electrical and electronic devices, establishes requirements that are common to certain voltage ranges. For electrical installations of buildings that are subject to the requirements of a set of international standards IEC 364 "Electrical installation of buildings, apply the requirements of IEC 449-73 (taking into account changes № 1), which has two voltage range. I refer to a range of voltage electrical installations, in which protection against electric shock is ensured for the given conditions, the supply voltage or for which the supply voltage is limited for operational reasons (the installation of communication, signaling, control, etc.).

GOST 50571.1-93. Electrical installations of buildings. Basic provisions

GOST 50571.1-93 (IEC 364-1-72, IEC 364-2-70)

STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ELECTRICAL BUILDING HIGHLIGHTS

Electrical installations of buildings. General OKS 3402 Effective date 01.01.1995

INTRODUCTION

This standard is essential in a complex of state standards for electrical installations of buildings developed by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 337 Electrical equipment of residential and public buildings "on the basis of international standards IEC 364 "Electrical installations of buildings." The standards set contains additional requirements that reflect the needs of the economy, highlighted in italics. Complex state standards for electrical installations of buildings sets out requirements for electrical device housing, public and industrial buildings to provide a unified approach to their design and construction, to ensure consistent security measures and protection against electric shock. Set of standards for electrical installations of buildings used as a fundamental instrument in all areas falling within the scope of the standardization and certification of electrical installations of buildings in the development and revision of standards, regulations and rules on the device, testing and commissioning of electrical installations of buildings, including fire regulations, building codes and regulations, sanitary design standards of industrial enterprises and other regulations affecting the safety requirements of electrical installations of buildings.

Breath of freshness ...

I must say that air-conditioners now on the forces and deep cleaning of the filling room apartment on air pollution. And on the effectiveness of such cleaning is sometimes comparable to the work of specialized air purifiers. Clean - the guarantee of health quality of indoor air of modern homes has declined steadily. Dangerous pollution and allergens appear directly in the home as a result of human activity and the representatives of the surrounding fauna (tobacco smoke, animal dander, dust mites, selection) and enter the room from the street (pollen, fumes, etc.). Because the acquisition of air conditioner that is capable of performing the functions in combination air cleaner, a very rational step. Indeed, the indoor fan runs all located in the room air through the case on average 5-15 times per hour. To ensure that its clearing, the flow path for air-intake unit panel, enough to put these or other filters. At the heart of the filtration system of any wall of the indoor unit split systems - coarse and fine filters to clean the air. Coarse filter (made usually of a material that resembles a scaffold with a diameter of 0.2 mm) is designed for pre-cleaning the air, as well as to protect the evaporator coil air conditioner from poplar fluff and coarse particles. It is located behind the front panel and covers an entire air channel at the entrance to the split system (ie a full-size). In some models, such as MSZ-GC/GA (Mitsubishi Electric, Japan), coarse filter impregnated with an antioxidant compound, and its life is 9 years old, comparable to the "life expectancy" air conditioner.

Types of ventilation

Vitaly Lviv Fresh air is necessary for our lives. Every day we inhale 20.000 liters of air. We need natural air saturated with ozone, ions, and volatile production. Unfortunately, the majority provided for in the residential ventilation system does not provide the necessary for normal functioning of air. And at an open window, we get fumes, dust, noise, drafts and sudden temperature changes. In addition, many objects that surround us, often emit harmful to the healthy life of the substance. According to operating in Russia to date building codes, all buildings depending on their destination should be equipped with system of air or ventilation with certain parameters (air exchange, the amount of air exhausted from the room, etc.). Often the nature of the use of premises or wishes of the owner of premises, determines specific requirements for temperature and humidity of air quality. To fulfill such requirements is necessary to resort to the use of special systems for air treatment. In conventional dwellings by infiltration of outside air through leaks windows and fences always happens breathability. It is called the unorganized. Organized by the air is called ventilation. Characterize the amount of ventilation and air exchange. Volume of ventilation is the amount of air (m3), which comes into the room for an hour. The minimum collection rate of outdoor air into the room 30 m3 / h per adult and 20 m3 / h - on the child. Air exchange shows how many times an hour changing the air in the room.

Fan. Optimal variant

The problem of inadequate ventilation, there often. We feel it myself, but not always correctly determine the source of the problem. Stuffiness, humidity - hence the bad mood, apathy. We have managed to dissociate itself from the street noise and smog plastic windows. However, replacing old wooden windows with plastic, we have deprived themselves of the natural flow of fresh air. Air flow problem can be solved at the stage of repair or alterations, and after finishing the interior. The simplest solution - Supply valve type RTL. Breaks through a hole in the wall of the living room. In this hole is mounted inlet valve. RTL valve consists of a duct with a diameter of 100mm, outdoor (street) grids and distribution device having a filter, a flow controller (check valve) and sound-absorbing plate. Advantages of low cost system can be easily mounted ease of control minus system works effectively only if there is a good natural or mechanical exhaust is not heated during the cold season. More functional and efficient - wall supply unit, such as "Marta", "Sonair A". It is mounted on the wall of the dwelling on the hole diameter of 120mm. Advantages of simplicity in installation requires no wiring duct channel, ie, lowering ceilings effective cleaning system supply air pleated filter delays in the air allergens, dust, lint, etc. charcoal filter removes odors, fumes electric (0,8 kW) heating fresh air in the cold season can adjust the power flow of air 40.80.120 cu.m / h low-noise 22.3 / 33/38 dB opportunity to clean (filtered) air indoors in a recirculation mode protection against insects (flies, mosquitoes).

How to choose a fan

In most cases, renovation of Soviet-style "begins with the installation of windows and good ventilation zadraivaniya all vents (Nechay neighbor cockroaches running around on our bread!"). It's funny, but few people realize that Porush existing ventilation system, you can go without clean air. Knowledgeable people act differently. Even if the ventilation system does not pull, it does not break. Why, because the situation can be easily corrected with an inexpensive supply and exhaust fans that can significantly increase the efficiency of existing systems. The fact is, most residential and office buildings is provided with natural ventilation air currents. If it is not cleaned, the garbage accumulated in the duct begins to interfere with the normal circulation flow and the system stops working. If the air is to drive through the fan, it is enough even remaining in the duct lumen. In order to understand how cluttered the ventilation system in your home and what fans want, it is enough to bring a candle outlet in the kitchen, closet or bathroom. If the flame is deflected in the direction of the lattice, hence, the thrust is and can do simple fan. If the candle does not react to the proximity of air vent required "centrifugal" fan, which creates a higher pressure. The cost of such a device is 2-3 times higher, but if the duct thoroughly hammered by all sorts of rubbish, the standard "axial" fan just does not help. In every apartment has at least three places where the presence of the fan will not be superfluous.